摘要
在农村社区疫情防控中,不同主体间的互动方式在不同的阶段塑造出差异化的农村防疫模式。对安徽省和村防疫实践的参与观察中发现,和村村民与地方政府之间在防疫实践中体现出一种“流变的合作”现象,探究这种主体间关系的演化过程、特征及其动力机制成为本文关注的核心问题。本文借助社会学制度主义视角,构建了“正式制度有效性—非正式制度契合性”分析框架,呈现了和村村民与镇政府之间在不同阶段形成疏离型、融合型、脆弱型以及表演型互动关系的理想类型及其背后的深层机理。研究认为,和村村民与地方政府之间的动态关系转换是正式制度与非正式制度间博弈的后果,促成这种动态转化的动力机制表现为:制度情境差异与行动者实践理性、文化认知偏差与共识性行动阙如、村干部的话语调适与互动关系的适应性转换。农村社区治理需要把握正式制度有效性与非正式制度契合性之间的平衡,为应对复杂的治理情境提供整合性的行动网络。
In the face of the impact of public health emergencies,the governance field in rural areas presents a picture of the inter-action between different subjects such as local governments,village cadres and villagers,which shapes the different interac-tive relationships between different rural governance subjects at different stages under the public crisis.Based on the previ-ous literature that paid more attention to the static relationship between different subjects.This paper found in the participato-ry observational study of Hecun in Anhui province that the alienation of different subjects in the process of epidemic preven-tion in Hecun from the beginning to the locality after the discovery of suspected cases.The government and the villagers co-operated in epidemic prevention,but after the crisis of the suspected cases was lifted,cracks developed between the two par-ties,which led to the precarious relationship between the two parties.Until epidemic prevention entered the normalization stage,the two parties evolved into a show-like relationship.On this basis,this paper focuses on examining the changes in the relationship between different subjects in the rural community field under the influence of public health emergencies from the perspective of a dynamic process,as well as the internal mechanism of dynamic relationships and differentiated actions among different subjects.With the help of the theoretical perspective of sociological institutionalism,this paper integrates the behavior subjects of Hecun and villages into the overall context of the interaction between the formal system and the informal system,and con-structs an analytical framework of“formal system effectiveness-informal system fit”.The study pointed out that in the face of public health emergencies,different actors in rural society are placed under the dual institutional constraints of formal and informal systems.All links are effective at the same time,and formal institutions have different effects due to different imple-mentation and implementation strengths;at the same time,informal institutions restrict the actions of actors with their implic-it values and cultural systems,and induce external formal institutional forces.Following the values and culture of the village,cooperation or tension between the two occurs in a special time and space,forming different types of interactive relation-ships.The study found that in the practice of epidemic prevention in Hecun,relationship types such as alienation,integration,vulnerability,and performative interaction were formed between the villagers and the town government at different stages.Benefit maximization is oriented and is consistent with the protective value and culture within the village;the alienated rela-tionship reflects the relationship alienation caused by the absence of formal institutions;the fragile relationship is reflected in the villagers taking the village’s informal system as the main norm,following the action logic of local knowledge,and the relationship with the local government is a loose cooperative relationship;the performative relationship is mainly reflected in the weak correlation between the superior’s order and the village’s inherent public interests,and the villagers are mainly guided by the informal system,and formal institutions create performative relationships that don’t live up to their name.The author calls this dynamic relationship“evolutionary cooperation”,and the underlying mechanism for the evolution of this dy-namic relationship lies in the continuous game between formal and informal institutions,through institutional context differ-ences and actors’practical rationality and cultural cognitive biases.Specific mechanisms such as the absence of consensus actions and the adaptive transformation of village cadres’discourse adjustment and interaction have shaped the dynamic governance picture described above.
作者
徐选国
司业慧
唐晓琦
XU Xuanguo;SI Yehui;TANG Xiaoqi
出处
《社会工作》
2022年第5期51-64,106,共15页
Journal of Social Work
基金
国家社科基金青年项目“城市社区社会工作理论创新及整合行动体系构建研究”(项目编号:17CSH051)
国家社科基金重大项目“中国特色社会体制改革与社会治理创新研究”(项目编号:16ZDA078)。
