摘要
使用MICAPS天气资料和探空资料,对哈尔滨市2016-2020年5-9月产生的雷暴大风天气以500 hPa天气系统为主进行分型,并统计低层影响系统和地面天气系统出现的比率。然后利用NCEP资料计算各个雷暴大风天气发生前的环境参量,并采用百分位数法统计各型发生时的物理量,以25%分位数为阈值给出临界值。结果表明:(1)哈尔滨市雷暴大风天气分为冷涡型、槽前型和西北气流型。(2)850 hPa与500 hPa温度差≥24℃,CAPE值≥310 J/kg,0-6 km垂直风切变≥10 m/s,地面露点温度≥12℃对于哈尔滨市雷暴大风天气有良好的指示意义。(3)槽前型雷暴大风天气的850 hPa与500 hPa温度差最小,西北气流型个例中高CAPE值并不多;水汽条件并不是制约冷涡型雷暴大风天气发生的重要因素。
By using the surface meteorological observation and sounding data from the MICAPS,the thunderstorm gale weather generated in Harbin city from May to September 2016-2020 was typed with a 500 hPa weather system as the dominant weather system,and the ratio of the occurrence of low-level impact systems and surface weather systems was counted.Then,the NCEP data were used to calculate the environmental parameters before the occurrence of each thunderstorm gale weather,and the physical quantities at the occurrence of each type were counted using the percentile method,and the threshold value was given using the 25%quantile as the threshold value.The results show that(1)the thunderstorm gale weather in Harbin is classified into cold vortex type,trough front type and northwest airflow type.(2)The temperature difference between 850 hPa and 500 hPa is greater than 24℃,CAPE value is greater than 310,0-6 km vertical wind shear is greater than 10 m/s,and ground dew point temperature is greater than 12℃is a good indicator of thunderstorm gale weather in Harbin.(3)The temperature difference between 850 hPa and 500 hPa is the smallest in the thunderstorm gale weather in front of the trough,and the high CAPE value is not much in the northwest airflow type cases;the water vapor condition is not an important factor limiting the occurrence of cold vortex thunderstorm gale weather.
作者
袁颖颖
付洪泰
YUAN Ying-ying;FU Hong-tai(Harbin Meteorological Bureau,Heilongjiang Harbin 150000)
出处
《黑龙江气象》
2022年第3期1-4,17,共5页
Heilongjiang Meteorology
关键词
雷暴大风
天气学模型
物理诊断量
临界值
Thunderstorm gale
Synoptic classification
Physical diagnoses
Critical value
