摘要
基于青藏高原及其周边地区175个气象观测站1961-2020年逐日日照时数观测资料,采用空间变换分析、气候趋势分析和M-K突变检验等方法,分析近60年的年、季日照时数的时空变化特征.结果表明:(1)青藏高原年平均日照时数2323 h,最大值在噶尔县,为3487 h,最小值在四川雅安市,为771 h;年、季日照时数高值区多位于西藏西部、青海北部、甘肃西部和新疆,低值区多位于西藏林芝市、四川盆地西部边缘山区和云南西北部;四季中,春季日照时数最多,为631 h,秋季最少,为555 h.(2)各地年日照时数平均减幅为10.27 h/10 a,减幅高值区主要在甘肃甘南州和四川甘孜州,最大减幅为130 h/10 a,增幅高值区主要在新疆和田地区、四川凉山州和西藏拉萨市,最大增幅为61 h/10 a;四季中,春季呈上升趋势,其余均呈下降趋势.(3)2017年之前,年日照时数呈上升趋势,2017年之后呈下降趋势;春季日照时数突变年份最多,最早突变时间为1963年,冬季突变年份最少,突变时间最晚,为2015年.综上所述,青藏高原年、季日照时数的空间差异很大,总体呈现西北多、东南少特点,各地日照时数以减少趋势为主,年日照时数的突变点为2017年;多数区域光合生产潜力巨大,适合发展喜光植物和高密度种植,四川雅安等盆地西部边远山区和西藏墨脱等日照低值区则适宜发展茶叶等喜阴或耐阴植物.(图10参37)
Based on observation data of daily sunshine duration from 1961 to 2020 at 175 meteorological observation stations over Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas,spatial transformation analysis,climate trend analysis and M-K mutation test were used to analyze the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the seasonal and annual sunshine duration in the region in the last 60 years.The results show that(1)annual average sunshine duration was 2323 h,the maximum was 3487 h in Gaer,Tibet,and the minimum was 771 h in Ya’an,Sichuan.The high-value areas were mostly located in western Tibet,northern Qinghai,western Gansu,and Xinjiang,and the low-value areas were mostly located in Nyingchi in Tibet,the mountainous area on the western edge of the Sichuan Basin,and northwestern Yunnan.The highest sunshine duration was recorded in winter(631 h),and the lowest was recorded in autumn(555 h)among the four seasons.(2)The average decrease in annual sunshine duration was 10.27 h/10 a.The largest rates of decrease were mainly in Gannan of Gansu and Ganzi of Sichuan,with the largest rate of decrease of 130 h/10 a.The areas with large rates of increase were mainly in Hotan area of Xinjiang,Liangshan of Sichuan and Lhasa of Tibet,with the largest increase of 61 h/10 a.Among the four seasons,spring exhibited an upward trend,and the remainder exhibited a downward trend.(3)Before 2017,the annual sunshine duration increased but declined after 2017.Spring sunshine duration had the largest number of mutation years,and the earliest mutation time was 1963.Winter had the fewest number of mutation years and the latest mutation time occurred in 2015.In summary,the annual and seasonal sunshine duration of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau vary greatly in space,but with the general characteristics of more sunshine in the northwest and less in the southeast,and sunshine hours were mainly decreasing,with 2017 as a mutation point of annual sunshine duration.Most areas of QinghaiTibet Plateau have great potential for photosynthetic production and are suitable for the development of lightloving plants and high-density planting.Shade-loving or shade-tolerant plants,including tea,are suitable for development in remote mountainous areas with low sunshine values in the western part of the basin,including Ya’an,Sichuan,and other areas,such as Medog,Tibet.
作者
叶帮苹
张小丽
王雅琦
王明田
赵金鹏
YE Bangping;ZHANG Xiaoli;WANG Yaqi;WANG Mingtian;ZHAO Jinpeng(Sichuan Meteorological Observatory,Chengdu 610072,China;Ecological Environment Bureau of Pidu,Chengdu 611730,China;Sichuan Meteorological Data Center,Chengdu 610072,China;Water-Saving Agriculture Research in Southern Hilly Area Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 610066,China;Rural Economic Information Center of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 610072,China)
出处
《应用与环境生物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第4期851-858,共8页
Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology
基金
第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0303)
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1002202)
气象灾害预测预警与应急管理研究中心项目(ZHYJ21-YB10)资助。
关键词
青藏高原
日照时数
时空特征
M-K检验
Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
sunshine duration
spatiotemporal characteristics
Mann-Kendall test
