摘要
随着人口老龄化程度的加深,中国2.6亿多的老年人口对于不同类型和功能的老年福利设施有着巨大需求。深入分析老年福利设施的发展状况、研究其科学的发展方向对于合理有效配置养老资源和推进养老服务提质增效有重要意义。采用文本资料分析法和实地调研法,将老年福利设施划分为住养型照护机构和日间型福利设施两种类型,探讨了它们的发展现状和存在问题,并给出了今后的发展方向。研究表明,住养型照护机构的发展呈现出机构改革加快、差异化发展、医养结合等特征,存在着定位有偏差、发展无序、照护质量低等问题;日间型福利设施呈现出城市种类繁多、农村起步缓慢、社区设施受欢迎等特征,存在着有效供给不足、管理效能低等问题。针对老年福利设施在发展中存在的缺乏科学规划、未能在城乡实现按需配置等共性问题,提出了老年福利设施的发展方向是分类规划、均衡配置和功能复合。包括分类规划基本型、福利型和市场型住养照护机构,分类建设以照护为主和以娱乐为主的日间福利设施;均衡配置城乡老年福利设施,合理布局社区和郊区老年福利设施;发展养、医、为、学、乐等功能复合型老年福利设施,设计开放型、融入式和功能互补型老年福利设施。
As the population ages,China’s 260 million elderly people have a huge demand for different types and functions of elderly welfare facilities.An in-depth analysis of the status of elderly welfare facilities and their scientific direction are of great significance for the rational and effective allocation of elderly care resources and the improvement of quality and efficiency of elderly care services.On the basis of text data analysis and field investigation,the article divides the welfare facilities for the elderly into two types:residential-care-institutions and daytime-welfare-facilities,discusses their development status and problems in recent 10 years,and points out the direction of future development.The research shows that the residential-care-institutions present the characteristics of accelerated institutional reform,differentiated development and the combination of medical care and nursing,and some problems such as positional deviation,disorderly development and low care quality.Daytime-welfare-facilities are characterized by a wide variety in cities,slow development in rural areas and preference for community facilities,and some problems such as insufficient effective supply and low management efficiency.The problems commonly existed in elderly welfare facilities are the lack of scientific planning and the failure to an on-demand allocation in urban and rural areas.Classified plan,balanced allocation and compound function are the directions of elderly welfare facilities in the future.Residential-care-institutions should be classified as basic,welfare and market-oriented ones,and daytime-welfare-facilities as care-based and recreational-based ones.Urban and rural welfare facilities should be allocated in a balanced manner.Welfare facilities should be reasonably arranged in community and suburb areas.We should develop compound welfare facilities with the functions of care,medical service,achieving,learning and recreation,and design the open,integrated and functional complementary welfare facilities for the elderly.
作者
高利平
GAO Liping(Law School,Shandong Jianzhu University,Jinan 250101,China)
出处
《人口与经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第5期80-94,共15页
Population & Economics
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“我国老年福利设施绩效评估与发展方向研究”(14BRK009)
山东省社会科学规划研究项目“医养康养相结合的养老服务体系研究”(21CSHJ22)。
关键词
老年福利设施
发展方向
分类规划
均衡配置
功能复合
welfare facilities for the elderly
development direction
classified plan
balanced allocation
compound function
