摘要
立足文献记载、考古发现和民间传说,通过梳理社会发展史上相关人群的迁徙及九隆神话流传迁播的大致线索,可以看出九隆神话是次生神话;从象征隐喻的角度,梳理出九隆神话从感生神话到图腾神话再到王权神话的过程,认识神话的内涵及其补史作用,可以展现民族文化的交流融合。由此,不仅可以看到面貌各异的九隆神话背后西南各少数民族的精神根谱,而且可以透视在“龙”叙事下的向心凝聚。
As a myth of clan origin,the Myth of Jiulong is widely prevalent in the southern end of the Tibetan-Qiang-Yi Corridor and Southeast Asian countries.However,scholars’views about its nature are different.Some argue that Ailaoyi and Kunmingyi are the same,and the myth is an original one of Kunmingyi,while others hold that Kunmingyi and Ailaoyi are different and the myth is the result of ethnic-cultural intermingling and a secondary myth.So what is the nature of this myth?Having studied archaeological discoveries,documentary records,and oral legends,this paper agrees with the latter and proposes that the Myth of Jiulong is of a secondary nature.The Di-Qiang tribe was one of the earliest clans which took the dragon as a totem.One branch of the Qiang people founded the Xia Dynasty which became one of the ethnic sources for the Huaxia people.Other branches continued to head south and moved to the Tibetan-Qiang-Yi Corridor for seemingly various reasons.The migration of DiQiang ethnic groups from north to south brought about the exchange and integration of cultures,institutional changes,and cultural identification along the Tibetan-Qiang-Yi Corridor,all of which were vividly manifested in the Myth of Jiulong.Based on documentary records,archaeological data,and myths,it can be inferred that the Myth of Jiulong is a secondary myth produced under the influence of northern culture when the original tribe of Ailao blended with the Di-Qiang clan migrating south.On the one hand,its narrative is similar to the ancient mythology and ancestral narrative structure of the Huaxia people.On the other hand,the Myth of Jiulong retains some local customs such as tattoos,which were rarely seen among Huaxia people at that time.Before the Han Dynasty,the Myth of Jiulong was a legend of induction and an ethnic totem.It gradually became a political and royal myth after the Eastern Han Dynasty,the Tang Dynasty,and the Song Dynasty.All kingdoms formed during the history of Yunnan adopted it as the founding myth and indicated that their ancestors were the descendants of dragons,which both strengthened the brotherhood of the same root with the people of the Central Plains and gave prominence to the divine lineage of their regime.The dual role of the state-founding myth and the origin of ethnic group led to the further promotion of dragon worship and dragon narratives in the southern end of the Tibetan-Qiang-Yi corridor.Today the elements of the Myth of Jiulong can still be found in the folk literature of many ethnic minorities in the southwest region.From the research results,it may be stated that all ethnic groups can interpret their own myths historically,find their spiritual roots,and form their unique collective memory.From the long history of transmutation in the Myth of Jiulong,we can see that no matter the ethnic minorities who are called as“Fraternal Peoples”or the Han people who called themselves as“Offspring of the Yan and Huang Emperor”are not just“imaginary communities”constructed in modern times,but a result of their close and long interaction in history,politics,economy,and historical memory.
作者
刘波
Liu Bo(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu,610041,Sichuan,China)
出处
《民族学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第2期118-125,145,共9页
Journal of Ethnology
基金
国家社科基金“藏羌彝走廊民间文学的迁播与民族文化交流研究”(19BMZ040)
西南民族大学铸牢中华民族共同体意识研究中心2022年度项目(ZLGTT20220205)阶段性成果。
关键词
九隆神话
龙崇拜
族源
文化扩布
文化交融
the Myth of Jiulong
dragon worship
source of an ethnic group
cultural expansion
cultural integration
