摘要
解决高分子材料的可持续发展,不仅要考虑生产高分子材料的原料的持续来源问题,而且还要考虑其废弃后对生态环境的影响问题.有效的高分子材料的回收循环利用,不仅可以解决其废弃物焚烧和泄漏至环境中对生态环境的负面影响,而且可以减少生产高分子材料的化石资源消耗,有利于减少碳排放.本文在提出的高分子材料回收方法分类的基础上,重点讨论了化学回收,特别是以提高回收产物的品质、性能和价值为导向的化学升级回收,总结和评述了量大面广的典型热塑性高分子材料、热固性高分子材料和混杂高分子材料体系的化学升级回收的研究现状,介绍了作者团队近年来在该领域的研究新进展,并对未来发展进行了展望.与高分子材料的物理回收相比,化学回收具有方法多样化、可设计性强,回收产物因高分子结构和条件控制不同(化学键的选择性断裂)而异等特点,因此化学回收比物理回收更具实现升级回收的潜力.
For a sustainable development of polymeric materials,it is not only necessary to seek sustainable source of raw materials for their production,but also need reducing environmental pollution and resource depletion after their discard.The recovery of waste polymeric materials is one of most effective approaches for addressing the above issues.Therefore,there is an increasing research interest focused on their effective recovery.According to different recovery objectives,the recovery of polymeric materials is divided into energy recovery,mostly carried out by incineration,and matter recovery,which is further divided into“physcycling”or“mechcycling”(physical or mechanical recovery),“chemcycling”(chemical recovery),“physchemcycling”or“mechchemcycling”(physical and chemical recovery),and“biologcycling”(biological recovery).In recent years,more attention have been paid to the quality,performance,or value(including economic/environmental value)of the recycled products,which are used to define the“downcycling”and“upcycling”.Whenever possible,a closedloop recovery(i.e.“recycling”)is always desirable because it can produce the recycled polymers from waste polymeric materials via physical recycling and chemical recycling,respectively.However,both methods have their limitations.The recycled polymers via physical recycling almost inevitably have deteriorated performances compared with the original polymers,often manifesting itself as downcycling of polymeric materials.On the other hand,chemical recycling can offer an opportunity to revert waste polymeric materials back to their monomers for repolymerization to virgin materials without altering the properties of the material or the economic value of the polymers.Unfortunately,only a small subset of polymeric materials could be chemically recycled in an energy-efficient and cost-effective manner.Therefore,more and more efforts have been devoted to upcycling polymeric materials although this field is still in its infancy.Chemcycling with flexible ways and strong designability is regarded as a promising method for upcycling that can recovers added-value chemicals or materials from polymeric materials.However,the traditional degradation process of polymeric materials is always carried out under harsh conditions,and inevitably generates complex distribution of degraded products which are difficult to separate and reutilize.Selective degradation of polymeric materials using highly efficient catalysts provides a sustainable approach to addressing this challenge.Moreover,the chemcycling process can be largely affected by the aggregated structure and composition of polymeric materials.We choose typical thermoplastic,thermosetting and hybrid polymeric materials,which are widely used and of a large quantity,to discuss their chemical upcycling,especially present author’s recent relevant research work,and provide an insight into the future development of chemical upcycling.
作者
刘雪辉
徐世美
张帆
汪秀丽
王玉忠
Xue-hui Liu;Shi-mei Xu;Fan Zhang;Xiu-li Wang;Yu-zhong Wang(National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials(Sichuan),The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials(MoE),College of Architecture and Environment College of Chemistry,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610064)
出处
《高分子学报》
SCIE
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第9期1005-1022,共18页
Acta Polymerica Sinica
基金
中国工程院重点咨询研究项目(项目号2017-XZ-07)
中国工程院院发展战略四川研究院咨询研究项目(项目号2020-SC-ZX-01)资助。
关键词
化学回收
升级回收
热塑性
热固性
混杂高分子材料
Chemical recovery
Upcycling
Thermoplastic
Thermoset
Hybrid polymeric materials
