摘要
为了解河南地区家兔呼吸系统感染的病原菌及其对抗菌药物的耐药性,本研究对采自河南不同地区36个规模化兔场的143例呼吸系统感染病兔的病料样品进行病原菌的分离,并对分离菌进行7种主要致兔呼吸系统感染细菌的PCR鉴定。采用K-B纸片扩散法检测分离菌对10类22种药物的敏感性。结果显示,经细菌分离培养、革兰染色,并经PCR鉴定共分离出262株病原菌,其中G+菌103株(39.31%),G-菌159株(60.69%),而G+菌以金黄色葡萄球菌为主,感染率为50.35%(72/143),G-菌以肺炎克雷伯杆菌、支气管败血波氏杆菌和多杀性巴氏杆菌为主,感染率分别为41.96%(60/143)、36.36%(52/143)和19.58%(28/143),其中两种及多种病原菌混合感染率高达76.22%(109/143)。豫东、豫南和豫北地区检出率最高的均为金黄色葡萄球菌,检出率分别为29.55%(13/44)、48.72%(19/39)和31.25%(25/80),豫西和豫中地区检出率最高的分别为支气管败血波氏杆菌和肺炎克雷伯氏菌,检出率分别为28.57%(12/42)和38.10%(16/42)。药敏试验结果显示,分离的主要G+菌中的金黄色葡萄球菌对头孢菌素类(头孢哌酮、头孢氨苄、头孢唑林)、酰胺醇类(氟苯尼考)及多肽类中的多粘菌素B耐药性较低,耐药菌株占0~38.10%;而对其他氨基糖苷类、大环内酯类、喹诺酮类、磺胺类、β-内酰胺类、硝基呋喃类、四环素类药物及多肽类的杆菌肽耐药性均较强。分离的G-菌中肺炎克雷伯氏菌、支气管败血波氏杆菌和多杀性巴氏杆菌对多肽类的多粘菌素B耐药性最低,耐药菌占6.67%~25.00%,而对多肽类的杆菌肽耐药的菌株高达100.00%,且对大环内酯类、喹诺酮类、磺胺类药物的耐药性均较强。上述结果表明,河南省不同地区致家兔呼吸道感染的病原菌存在差异,病原菌的耐药性也各不相同,因此准确检测病原和快速有效用药控制病原菌的感染非常重要。本研究为河南地区防控家兔呼吸道疾病提供了参考数据。
To investigate the pathogenic bacteria of rabbit respiratory system infection and their resistance to antibiotics in Henan province, the pathogenic bacteria were isolated and identified from 143 rabbit samples with respiratory system infection collected from 36 large-scale rabbit farms in Henan province, and the isolates were classed into 7 kinds by PCR. The susceptibility of the isolates to 22 drugs in 10 categories was detected using K-B disk diffusion method. The results showed that 262 pathogenic strains were isolated after bacterial isolation culture, gram staining and PCR identification, of which 103 strains of G+bacteria(accounting for 39.31%) and 159 strains of G-bacteria(accounting for 60.69%). The G+bacteria were mainly Staphy-lococcus aureus, the infection rate was 50.35%(72/143), and the G-bacteria were mainly Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida, with the infection rates of 41.96%(60/143), 36.36%(52/143) and 19.58%(28/143), respectively, and the rate of mixed infection of two or more pathogens was as high as 76.22%(109/143). Staphylococcus aureus has the highest detection rate in eastern, southern and northern Henan, with the detection rates of 29.55%(13/44), 48.72%(19/39) and 31.25%(25/80),respectively. However, the highest detection rates in western Henan and central Henan were Bordetella bronchiseptica and Klebsiella pneumoniae, with the detection rates of 28.57%(12/42) and 38.10%(16/42), respectively. After drug susceptibility tests,it was found that among the main G+isolates, Staphylococcus aureus is more sensitive to cephalosporins(cephalosporin, cephalexin,cefazolin), amide alcohols(florfenicol) and colistin B, the resistant strains accounted for 0-38.10%. The isolates were highly resistant to other aminoglycosides, macrolides, quinolones, sulfonamides, β-lactams, nitrofurans and tetracyclines. Among the Gisolates, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida had the lowest resistance to polymyxa B, the resistant strains accounted for 6.67%-25.00%, while 100.00% of the strains were resistant to polypeptide bacitracin, and the isolates were highly resistant to macrolide antibiotics, quinolones and sulfonamides. The above results show that there are differences in pathogens of respiratory tract infection in rabbits in different regions of Henan province, and the drug resistance of bacteria is also different. Therefore, accurate detection of pathogens and rapid and effective drug control of pathogens are very important. This study provides reference data for the prevention and control of rabbit respiratory diseases in Henan province.
作者
张自强
王佳佳
谢辉
张昕
徐靖怡
常赵阳
刘宁
刘玉梅
ZHANG Zi-qiang;WANG Jia-jia;XIE Hui;ZHANG Xin;XU Jing-yi;CHANG Zhao-yang;LIU Ning;LIU Yu-mei(College of Animal Science and Technology,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471000,China)
出处
《中国预防兽医学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第7期718-724,共7页
Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine
基金
河南省重点研发与推广专项(192102110077、202102110093)。
关键词
呼吸系统
家兔
耐药性
抗菌药物
感染
respiratory system
rabbits
drug resistance
antibiotics
infection
