摘要
以陕科9号为材料,2019~2020年在陕西榆林灌溉区进行大田试验,在总施氮量相同、基肥和大喇叭口期追肥分别占总施氮量20%和40%条件下,设置4个施氮处理,传统施氮(拔节肥40%,N1)、氮肥后移10%(拔节肥30%+花粒肥10%,N2)、氮肥后移20%(拔节肥20%+花粒肥20%,N3)和氮肥后移30%(拔节肥10%+花粒肥30%,N4),分析各处理子粒灌浆特性、内源激素含量和产量构成。结果表明,氮肥后移各处理2年玉米产量均显著高于传统施肥,N3处理产量最高。氮肥后移增加子粒灌浆速率最大时生长量(Wmax)、最大灌浆速率(Gmax),延长子粒灌浆活跃期;氮肥后移过量(N4),子粒灌浆参数受到不良影响。同时,N3处理子粒生长素(IAA)含量达到峰值时均较N1处理显著增加51.7%,玉米素(ZR)含量显著增加16.7%,赤霉素(GA3)含量显著增加28.9%,脱落酸(ABA)含量显著降低18.2%。在陕西灌溉春玉米区,总施氮量270 kg/hm^(2)时,拔节期追肥54 kg/hm^(2)、大喇叭口期追肥108 kg/hm^(2)、花后7 d追肥54kg/hm^(2)为该区玉米高产的优化施氮制度。
The experiment was conducted in Yulin irrigation region of Shaanxi in 2019 and 2020,with Shaanke9 as the experimental material.Each of the treatment in this study received the same amount of total nitrogen and with 20%as basal N and 40%as pre-tasseling N.Four N4 treatments were set with application of different N amounts postponed from jointing N to post-flowering N:30%of N postponing applied(N4),20%of N postponing applied(N3),10%of N postponing applied(N2),and traditional nitrogen application(N1).The results showed that compared with conventional fertilizer application,postponing N application increased grain yield by 4.6%-7.9%.The grain yield of N3 treatment was the highest.The postponing nitrogen application increased maximum grain filling(Gmax)and weight of maximum grain filling rate(Wmax).However,grain filling characteristics were deteriorated,and the yield was reduced when N amounts postponed was applied excessively.At the same time,compared to N1,the IAA,ZR,GA3content of N3 increased significantly by 51.7%,16.7%and 28.9%,while ABA content decreased significantly by 18.2%.The N application with 54 kg/ha at jointing,108 kg/ha at pre-tasseling stage,and 54 kg/ha at 7days post-flowering stage of maize could be considered as the best feasible nitrogen fertilizer management to obtain a high yield in the region.
作者
裴文东
王国兴
王转丽
任正鹏
张宏军
PEI Wen-dong;WANG Guo-xing;WANG Zhuan-li;REN Zheng-peng;ZHANG Hong-jun(Hefei Fengle Seed Industry Co.,Ltd.,Hefei 230000;Baoji Dixing Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd.,Mei County 72300;Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Center of Shaanxi,Xi,an 710014;Shaanxi Seed Work Station,Xi,an 710003,China)
出处
《玉米科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第4期114-120,共7页
Journal of Maize Sciences
基金
陕西省重点研发计划项目(2021ZDLNY01-08)。
关键词
春玉米
氮肥后移
子粒灌浆
产量
Spring maize
Nitrogen fertilizer postponing application
Grain filling characteristic
Yield
