摘要
微塑料污染已成为全球环境问题,备受世界各国的高度关注,是近年来环境科学领域的研究焦点.渔网、泡沫浮标等塑料制品被广泛用于水产养殖业中.在长期的物理、化学和生物作用下,养殖用塑料制品会逐渐分解破裂,最终释放大量微塑料进入当地水体和沉积物中,形成养殖源微塑料(aquaculture derived microplastics,AD-MPs),导致养殖区微塑料丰度增加,是养殖区微塑料的主要来源.AD-MPs的存在导致养殖水产品与野生水产品相比面临更多的微塑料暴露,更易遭受微塑料污染.但迄今为止,关于近海海域AD-MPs污染现状及其潜在的生态和健康风险,仍缺乏系统性的研究和清晰的认知.为此,本文综述了AD-MPs在全球近海养殖水体及沉积物中的赋存水平,总结了不同区域养殖海产品体内微塑料的生物富集程度,并与野生海产品体内的累积程度进行比较,分析其潜在的生态和健康风险,进而展望未来的研究方向和科学问题,以期为有效评估AD-MPs的生态和健康风险,为我国海水养殖业塑料制品的合理使用和有效监管提供参考.
As emerging pollutants,microplastics(MPs)have attracted worldwide attention and recently become a research focus in aquatic environmental science.The sources of MPs in water environments include terrigenous input,tourism,ship transportation,aquaculture,fishing,and atmospheric deposition.Previous studies considered terrigenous input as the main source of microplastic pollution.However,recent studies found that in the investigated locations,the proportion of MPs from aquaculture even exceeded that from terrigenous input.Thus,the contribution of aquaculture activities to the abundance of MPs in coastal waters might be substantially underestimated.Fishing nets,foam buoys and other plastic products are widely used in aquaculture.They gradually disintegrate and finally release a large number of MPs into local water environments under long-term ultraviolet radiation and wind-wave action.Aquaculture activities such as feeding,processing,and packaging also release MPs into the water environments.These released MPs are defined as aquaculturederived microplastics(AD-MPs).Currently,a large number of AD-MPs have been detected in different coastal waters,even accounting for 99.00%of the total MPs at some aquaculture areas.These results demonstrate that AD-MPs in coastal waters have become an important and non-negligible issue in MPs pollution.What’s more,MPs in waters and sediments can be ingested by aquatic organisms,adversely affecting the species,and subsequently displaying potential threats to human health via food chains.Since mariculture has become one of the major sources of seafoods,it is necessary to investigate the pollution of AD-MPs in cultured seafood.This review summarized the levels and characteristics of MPs in cultured organisms from different coastal waters.The results indicate that MPs have widely detected in cultured seafood all over the world,suggesting that the pollution of MPs in cultured seafood cannot be ignored,though the proportion of ADMPs in the total MPs in mariculture species is still unclear.Given that mariculture activities could release a large number of MPs(AD-MPs),cultured marine organisms would absorb and accumulate MPs more easily than wildlife.To further identify the pollution of AD-MPs in cultured seafood,the levels and characteristics of MPs in cultured and wild bivalves and shellfish were compared.The results showed that MPs were detected in both,while the abundance of MPs in wild shellfish was generally lower than that in cultured ones,reflecting that AD-MPs are an important source of MPs in cultured seafood.Our review confirmed that AD-MPs are an important source of MPs in both coastal waters and cultured seafood.It would facilitate the scientific assessment of the ecological and health risks of AD-MPs,and provide helpful data to guide the use and management of plastic products in mariculture industries.
作者
林琳
钟仕花
陈纯
王璞
钱伟
曾佳敏
朱小山
徐向荣
Lin Lin;Shihua Zhong;Chun Chen;Pu Wang;Wei Qian;Jiamin Zeng;Xiaoshan Zhu;Xiangrong Xu(Institute for Ocean Engineering,Shenzhen International Graduate School,Tsinghua University,Shenzhen 518055,China;Guangdong Laboratory of Southern Ocean Science and Engineering(Zhuhai),Zhuhai 519000,China;Shenzhen Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Inspection and Testing Center,Shenzhen 518055,China;Institute for Advanced Study,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518060,China;South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510301,China)
出处
《科学通报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第23期2762-2781,共20页
Chinese Science Bulletin
基金
国家自然科学基金(41877352,41876129,42077227,42006141)
广东省自然科学基金(2021A1515010158)
深圳市基础研究重点项目(JCYJ20180507182227257)资助。
关键词
水产养殖
微塑料
近海
赋存水平
生物累积
生态风险
aquaculture
microplastics
coastal waters
occurrence
bioaccumulation
ecological risk
