摘要
研究不同灌溉定额下施加生物炭对夏玉米光合特性、干物质及产量等的影响,寻求华北地区合理的水炭用量,为作物增产提供理论依据。采用田间实验,设置一水I1(67.5 mm)、二水I2(121.5 mm)2个灌溉水平,不施生物炭B0、低炭B1(20 t/hm^(2))、高炭B2(40 t/hm^(2))3个施炭水平,共6个处理,研究灌溉和生物炭对土壤含水率、夏玉米叶绿素含量(SPAD)、光合特性、干物质及产量的影响。结果表明:生物炭明显增加表层土壤含水率,减少水分向深层土壤的迁移渗漏;低炭显著增大苗期夏玉米叶片的SPAD,减弱成熟期叶片的衰老程度,但高炭会使促进作用减弱;生物炭显著提升净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、降低胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci)且以高炭最佳,增加灌水量有利于减小Ci,促进CO_(2)参与光合作用从而增大Pn,但高炭下高灌的优势不再明显;生物炭和灌水均显著提高夏玉米的干物质累积量及收获指数,且均以I2B1处理最大,低炭对转移量提升幅度最大,但高炭下转移率最优;灌溉和生物炭对产量存在交互影响,不同灌溉定额下产量随施炭量的变化不同,I1和I2下分别以I1B2、I2B1的产量最高。总的来说,I2B1(121.5 mm,20 t/hm^(2))的产量最大且显著高于其他处理,是夏玉米增产的最佳水炭组合。
In order to find the reasonable amount of water and biochar in North China,and to provide a theoretical basis for enhancing grain yield,a field experiment with three biochar rates was conducted to investigate the effects of biochar on soil moisture content,chlorophyll content,photosynthetic characteristics,dry matter and yield under different irrigation quotas.In the experiments,two levels of irrigation,i.e.I1(67.5 mm)and I2(121.5 mm),and three levels of biochar,i.e.B0(no biochar),B1(20 t/hm^(3)),B2(40 t/hm^(3))were set to study the effects of irrigation and biochar on soli moisture content,chlorophyll content(SPAD),photosynthetic characteristics,dry matter and yield of summer maize.The preliminary results showed that biochar increased surface soil water content significantly and reduced water leakage to deep soil.Biochar application at lower rates(B1)increased SPAD of summer maize leaves at seedling stage significantly and reduced senescence degree of leaves at mature stage,whereas biochar application at higher rates(B2)weakened this effect.Biochar application significantly increased net photosynthetic rate(Pn)and stomatal conductance(Gs),reduced intercellular CO_(2) concentration(Ci).Compared to other treatments,B2 treatment had the most significant impact on the photosynthetic characteristics.Increasing irrigation amount could increase Pn by reducing Ci and promoting CO_(2) participation in photosynthesis,but the advantage of high irrigation amount was no longer obvious under B2 treatment.Biochar and irrigation both increased dry matter accumulation significantly and harvest index of summer maize,I2B1 was the treatment with the largest increase.B1 treatment had the largest increase in dry matter translocation yield,but the largest dry matter translocation rate was observed in the B2 treatment.Irrigation and biochar had an interactive effect on yield.The yield had different trends with the change of biochar application amount under different irrigation quota and I1B2,I2B1 had the highest yield under I1 and I2 respectively.In general,I2B1(121.5 mm,20 t/hm^(2))had the highest yield and was significantly higher than other treatments,which was the best combination of water and carbon for increasing the yield of summer maize.
作者
赵辉
庞桂斌
丛鑫
薛建文
张立志
宋立庆
董文旭
徐征和
ZHAO Hui;PANG Gui-bin;CONG Xin;XUE Jian-wen;ZHANG Li-zhi;SONG Li-qing;DONG Wen-xu;XU Zheng-he(University of Jinan,Jinan 250022,China;Water Resources Research Institute of Shandong Province,Jinan 250014,China;Huantai Water Conservancy Bureau,Zibo 256400,Shandong,China;Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050022,China)
出处
《节水灌溉》
北大核心
2022年第8期16-23,共8页
Water Saving Irrigation
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0800601)
山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2020ME255)。
关键词
生物炭
夏玉米
光合特性
干物质
产量
biochar
summer maize
photosynthetic characteristics
dry matter
yield
