摘要
甜荞茎秆纤细和中空是造成甜荞极易倒伏的重要原因,茎秆重心高度和抗折力是影响甜荞倒伏的重要指标。以抗倒伏品种酉荞2号和易倒伏品种乌克兰大粒荞为亲本来配置正、反交组合。P_(1)、P_(2)、F_(1)、B_(1)、B_(2)和F_(2)群体茎秆重心高度和抗折力的遗传分析表明,茎秆重心高度最佳遗传模型为1对加性-显性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因模型和2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性多基因模型,以加性效应为主,主基因遗传率大于多基因遗传率,环境变异大于遗传变异,可见环境对甜荞茎秆重心高度影响极大,可通过栽培措施降低甜荞茎秆重心高度,提高抗倒伏能力。茎秆抗折力最佳遗传模型为2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因模型和2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性多基因模型,以加性效应为主,2对主基因间存在明显的基因互作效应,主基因遗传率大于多基因遗传率,在F_(2)世代没有检测到多基因遗传率,主基因遗传率在F_(2)世代最高,为88.94%,选择率高,可在早期世代进行选择来提高育种效率。
Common buckwheat(Fagopyrum esculentum M.)is susceptible to lodging due to its slender and hollow stems.The culm gravity height and snapping resistance are recognized as important traits for lodging resistance.In this study,we developed the P_(l),P_(2),F_(l),B_(l),B_(2) and F_(2) populations from the reciprocal crosses between Youqiao 2(lodging-resistance)and Ukraine daliqiao(lodging-susceptible)and analyzed the genetic effects of culm gravity height and culm snapping resistance.The heredity of culm gravity height optimally fitted to the genetic model for one major genes with additive-dominance effects plus polygenes with additive-dominanceepistatic effects and two major genes with additive-dominance-epistatic effects plus polygenes with additivedominance effects.The genetic model was based on additive effects.The heritability of major genes was greater than the heritability of polygenes,and the environmental variation was greater than genetic variation,indicating that the environment had a great effect on the traits of the culm gravity height.Proper cultivation measures could be used to reduce the culm gravity height and enhance lodging resistance of buckwheat.The heredity of culm snapping resistance optimally fitted to the genetic model for two major genes with additive-dominance-epistatic effects plus polygenes with additive-dominance-epistatic effects and two major genes with additive-dominanceepistatic effects plus polygenes with additive-dominance effects.The genetic model was based on additive effects.There were obvious gene interaction effects between the two major genes.The heritability of major genes were greater than the heritability of polygenes.The heritability of polygenes were not detected in the F_(2) generation.The heritability of the major genes was the highest in the F_(2) generation,which was 88.94%.It can be selected in the early generations to improve breeding efficiency.
作者
胡丹
Hu Dan(Seed Administration Station of Gansu,Lanzhou 730030,Gansu,China)
出处
《作物杂志》
北大核心
2022年第4期83-89,共7页
Crops
关键词
甜荞
茎秆重心高度
茎秆抗折力
数量性状
遗传分析
Common buckwheat
Culm gravity height
Culm snapping resistance
Quantitative trait
Genetic analysis
