摘要
为探讨连续定位试验条件下不同施氮水平对棉花产量和棉田土壤养分含量及养分利用效率的影响,于2018—2020年连续3年在阿拉尔开展田间试验,设置6个纯氮处理:0(N0)、90(N1)、180(N2)、270(N3)、360(N4)、450 kg·hm^(-2)(N5),研究了定点定量施氮对棉花土壤有机质、全氮、速效养分、植株干物重及含氮量、产量和氮肥利用效率的影响。结果表明,各处理土壤有机质、全氮及速效养分含量均随土层加深而减少。随施氮水平的提高,收获期棉田0~60 cm各土层土壤有机质含量基本无显著差异,全氮、碱解氮含量整体表现为N0、N1和N2处理低于N3、N4和N5处理,速效磷含量变化则反之;不同年限处理间速效钾含量基本以N3处理最低,至2020年N3处理0~60 cm土层速效钾平均含量较其他处理低23.49%~51.13%。棉花地上部单株干物重和单株含氮量均以棉铃占比最高,不同处理分别为59.04%~62.91%和56.48%~65.16%。各处理地上部单株干物重、单株含氮量、皮棉产量和氮肥表观利用率均随施氮量的增加呈先增后降的趋势,且均在N3处理达到最大,试验年内N3处理平均单株干物重和单株含氮量分别为117.25和1.96 g,皮棉产量2 419.39 kg·hm^(-2),较其他处理分别高出29.75%、14.32%、8.18%、8.54%和10.21%,氮肥表观利用率也最高,为47.26%。因此,综合考虑产量及氮肥利用效率,推荐南疆阿拉尔地区棉花氮肥适宜用量为270 kg·hm^(-2)。在此施用量下可获得棉花高产,并减少收获期土壤养分残留。本研究结果为棉花精准施肥提供了理论依据。
To investigate the effects of different nitrogen application rates on cotton yield, soil nutrient content and nutrient use efficiency in cotton field, a field experiment was conducted in Alaer for three consecutive years from 2018 to 2020. Six purity nitrogen treatments of 0(N0), 90(N1), 180(N2), 270(N3), 360(N4), 450(N5) kg·hm^(-2) were applied to study the effects of fixed-point and quantitative nitrogen fertilization on soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available nutrients, dry matter weight and nitrogen content of cotton, cotton yield and nitrogen use efficiency. Results showed that, soil organic matter, total nitrogen and available nutrients of each treatment decreased as the soil layer deepened. With the increase of nitrogen application rate, there was no significant difference in soil organic matter content within 0~60 cm soil layer in cotton field at harvest period. The total nitrogen and alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen contents in the treatments N0, N1 and N2 were lower than those in the treatments N3, N4 and N5, while the variation of available phosphorus content just appeared oppositely. The content of available K was the lowest in the treatment N3 among different years. By 2020, the average content of available K in 0~60 cm soil layer of the treatment N3 ranging 23.49%~51.13% was lower than that of other treatments.The dry matter weight and nitrogen content per plant of cotton were mainly composed of boll parts. Cotton bolls accounted for the highest percentage of dry matter weight and nitrogen content per plant of cotton, which were 59.04%~62.91% and 56.48%~65.16% in different treatments, respectively. Dry matter weight per plant, nitrogen content per plant, lint yield and nitrogen apparent utilization rate of each treatment increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, and their maximum values appeared at the treatment N3. The average dry matter weight per plant and the nitrogen content per plant in the treatment N3 were 117.25 g and 1.96 g during the study period, respectively. The lint yield of the treatment N3 was 2 419.39 kg·hm^(-2), which were 29.75%, 14.32%, 8.18%, 8.54% and 10.21% higher than those of other treatments, respectively. The apparent nitrogen use efficiency of the treatment N3 was also highest with 47.26%. Thus, considering the cotton yield and nitrogen use efficiency, it is recommended that the appropriate nitrogen application rate for planting cotton in Alaer region of southern Xinjiang should be 270 kg·hm^(-2). High cotton yield and less soil nutrient residue at harvest stage can be obtained at this application rate. The results of the study provide a theoretical basis for precise fertilization during cotton production.
作者
李春梅
马云珍
徐文修
王芳
李鹏程
李玲
房彦飞
张娜
LI Chunmei;MA Yunzhen;XU Wenxiu;WANG Fang;LI Pengcheng;LI Ling;FANG Yanfei;ZHANG Na(College of Agriculture,Xinjiang Agricultural University/Engineering Research Centre of Cotton,Ministry of Education,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052;Institute of Cotton,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Anyang,Henan 455000)
出处
《核农学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第7期1446-1455,共10页
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划(2020YFD1001001)
新疆维吾尔自治区科技支疆项目计划(2021E02021)
自治区研究生科研创新项目(XJ2021G158)。
关键词
定点定量施氮
棉花
土壤养分
产量
quantitative nitrogen application under fixed-point experimental conditions
cotton
soil nutrients
yield
