摘要
研究采用电焙与炭焙的干燥方式制成福鼎白茶,分析了福鼎白茶的水浸出物、茶多酚、游离氨基酸、可溶性糖、咖啡碱及儿茶素组分等理化成分含量变化,同时采用GC/MS分析香气物质差异,探究了干燥方式与干燥温度对福鼎白茶品质的影响。结果表明,电焙与炭焙成品茶的游离氨基酸、咖啡碱、茶多酚和可溶性糖没有显著差异,但电焙成品茶的儿茶素总量更高,水浸出物含量也更高。香气物质上,电焙与炭焙成品茶的主要挥发性物质总体一致,炭焙成品茶的二十烷、香叶醇与苯乙醇等物质含量高于电焙成品茶,这些物质通常与烟烤香有关;而电焙成品茶的β-紫罗兰酮、β-环柠檬醛与香叶基丙酮等物质含量高于炭焙成品茶,这些物质通常与花果香、清香有关;同时,与低温炭焙成品茶相比,高温炭焙成品茶的α-柏木烯、δ-杜松烯等与炭火、木质香气有关的物质含量更高,而苯乙醛、橙花醇、芳樟醇以及二氢猕猴桃内酯等与花果香有关的物质含量更低。
In this research,Fuding white tea was tested with electric roasting and charcoal roasting to analyze the changes of the water extractions,tea polyphenols,free amino acids,soluble sugar,caffeine and catechins components of the finished tea.GC/MS was used to analyze the difference of aroma substances in the finished tea to explore the effect of the drying processes on the quality of Fuding white tea.The results showed that there were no significant differences in free amino acids,tea polyphenols and soluble sugars between the electric-roasted and charcoal-roasted teas,but the total catechins and water extracts were higher in the electric-roasted teas.In terms of aroma substances,the main volatile substances of electric-roasted and charcoal-roasted teas were generally the same.The contents of eicosane,geraniol and phenethyl alcohol in carbon-roasted teas were higher than that of electric-roasted teas.These substances were usually related to tobacco aroma.The contents of substances such asβ-ionone,β-cyclocitral and geranyl acetone in the electric-roasted tea were higher than that in the charcoal-roasted tea,and these substances were usually related to the aroma of flowers and fruits;Compared with electric-roasted tea,high-temperature charcoal-roasted tea had higher content ofα-cedarene,δ-junipene and other substances related to charcoal fire and woody aroma,while phenylacetaldehyde,nerol,linalool,dihydrogen and kiwifruit lactone which related to flower and fruit aroma is lower.
作者
林章文
陈韵扬
LIN Zhang-wen;CHEN Yun-yang(Fujian Yuzhiya Tea Co.,Ltd.,Fuding 355200,China;Tea Research Institute,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)
出处
《中国茶叶加工》
2022年第2期27-32,79,共7页
China Tea Processing
关键词
炭焙
电焙
干燥温度
福鼎白茶
品质
Electric roasting
Charcoal roasting
Drying temperature
Fuding white tea
Quality
