摘要
糖尿病是一种由于胰岛素分泌不足而引起的代谢性疾病,主要表现为高血糖。持续的高血糖会引起眼、肾、心脏、血管和神经等的慢性损伤或者功能障碍。多糖是由10个以上的相同或不同种类的单糖分子通过糖苷键聚合而成的高分子碳水化合物,具有来源广泛、安全性高、不良反应小等优点。中药多糖作为中药重要的有效成分之一,具有免疫调节、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、降血糖等多重生物活性。而结构直接关系到生物活性,多糖的高级结构以一级结构为基础,探究多糖的一级结构是联系降血糖及改善糖尿病并发症的关键任务。该文对中药多糖一级结构的单糖组成进行归纳,着重阐述了中药多糖通过增加胰岛素的分泌和释放、增加胰岛β细胞数量、上调胰岛素受体水平、改善糖脂代谢、抑制炎症反应、减轻氧化应激损伤和调控磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Akt)、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)、环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)/蛋白激酶(PKA)、腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)信号通路改善糖尿病的作用机制;同时,也总结了中药多糖对糖尿病肾病、糖尿病心肌病、糖尿病眼病、糖尿病周围神经病变的防治作用,以期为中药多糖干预糖尿病及其并发症的新药开发与临床应用提供理论基础。
Diabetes is a metabolic disease mainly characterized by hyperglycemia due to inadequate insulin secretion.And persistent hyperglycemia can cause chronic damage or dysfunction of eyes,kidneys,heart,blood vessels and nerves.Polysaccharides are high molecular carbohydrates polymerized by glycosidic bonds from more than 10 monosaccharide molecules of the same or different types.They have the advantages of wide sources,high safety and low toxic and so on.As one of the important effective components of traditional Chinese medicine,polysaccharides have biological activities such as immune regulation,anti-oxidation,antitumor,lowering blood sugar and so on.The structure is directly related to biological activities,and the advanced structure of polysaccharides is based on the primary structure.Exploring the primary structure of polysaccharides is the key task of lowering blood sugar and improving diabetic complications.This paper summarizes the monosaccharide composition of the primary structure of Chinese medicine polysaccharides,and the mechanism of Chinese medicine polysaccharides improving diabetes is emphasized by increasing the secretion and release of insulin,increasing the isletβcell number,upregulating insulin receptor level,improving glucose and lipid metabolism,inhibiting inflammatory response,improving oxidative stress and regulating phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt),mitogen activated protein kinase,cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)/protein kinase A(PKA)and adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase(AMPK)signaling pathways.At the same time,we also summarized the prevention and treatment of Chinese medicine polysaccharides in diabetic nephropathy,diabetic cardiomyopathy,diabetic ophthalmopathy and diabetic peripheral neuropathy,in order to provide a theoretical basis for new drug development and clinical application of Chinese medicine polysaccharides in the intervention of diabetes and its complications.
作者
陈锋
张帆
郝二伟
莫柳英
谢金玲
李泽宇
王星圆
曹瑞
侯小涛
邓家刚
CHEN Feng;ZHANG Fan;HAO Er-wei;MO Liu-ying;XIE Jin-ling;LI Ze-yu;WANG Xing-yuan;CAO Rui;HOU Xiao-tao;DENG Jia-gang(Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Meteria,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues,Guangxi Scientific Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Nanning 530200,China)
出处
《中国实验方剂学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第12期256-266,共11页
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(82060762)
广西科技基地和人才专项广西中药药效研究重点实验室建设项目(19-050-39)
2020年农作物废弃物功能成分研究协同创新中心项目(CICAR2020)
中国-东盟传统药物研究国际合作联合实验室建设(二期)(桂科AD19110155)。
关键词
中药多糖
糖尿病
糖尿病并发症
糖尿病肾病
糖尿病心肌病
作用机制
结构
Chinese medicine polysaccharide
diabetes
diabetic complications
diabetic nephropathy
diabetic cardiomyopathy
mechanism of action
structure
