摘要
炭材料因低成本、无毒性和微观结构可调等优点被认为是最具应用潜力的钾离子电池负极材料,其电化学储钾行为与活性位点的类型密切相关。近年来,为了满足不同电化学储钾器件的应用需求,针对炭结构设计及其活性位点调控已取得大量研究进展。本文讨论了层间插层和离子吸附两种储钾机制的差异,以指导炭结构的合理设计。在此基础上,从库仑效率、容量、电位、倍率和稳定性等方面,综述了不同炭材料的活性位点演变规律及其对储钾性能的影响。同时,总结了炭材料用作钾离子全电池和钾离子电容器负极材料时的结构设计原则和储钾机制差异。并指出了炭材料储钾在活性位点设计方面需要解决的问题及今后研究和改进方向。
Carbon materials have attracted considerable attention as anodes for potassium ion batteries owing to their low-cost,nontoxicity,and controllable structures.The potassium storage behavior of carbon materials is highly associated with their active sites.In recent years,significant advances have been made in designing the active sites of carbon materials to meet the requirements of different potassium-based storage devices.Here,potassium storage mechanisms(intercalation and adsorption)for guiding the ra-tional design of carbon materials are discussed.Based on these mechanisms,the review provides fundamental insight into the rela-tionship between the structures and potassium storage performance of different carbon materials,including graphite,soft carbon,hard carbon,porous carbon,heteroatom-doped carbon,hybridized carbon and composited carbon.The structural design principles of car-bon anode materials for potassium-ion full cell and potassium-ion capacitors are summarized based on the initial coulombic effi-ciency,capacity,potential plateau,rate performance,and cyclic stability.Finally,the problems and future research directions for the design of active sites in carbon materials for electrochemical potassium storage are considered.
作者
耿超
陈亚鑫
石利泺
孙宗富
张蕾
肖安永
蒋江民
庄全超
鞠治成
GENG Chao;CHEN Ya-xin;SHI Li-luo;SUN Zong-fu;ZHANG Lei;XIAO An-yong;JIANG Jiang-min;ZHUANG Quan-chao;JU Zhi-cheng(School of Materials Science and Physics,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China;School of Materials and Chemical Engineering,Xuzhou University of Technology,Xuzhou 221018,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China)
出处
《新型炭材料》
SCIE
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第3期461-483,共23页
New Carbon Materials
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(21975283)
中国博士后科学基金项目(2020M681762)
碳基能源资源化学与利用国家重点实验室开放课题(KFKT2021007)
中国科学院炭材料重点实验室开放课题(KLCMKFJJ2010).
关键词
炭材料
活性位点
钾离子电池
负极材料
Carbon materials
Active site
Potassium-ion battery
Anode materials
