摘要
孔孟王道效法尧舜,君主与权势一体共生,皆出于仁义本位,君主受限于自发的道德耻感。对比孔孟仁政中的君主构想,韩非所主张的以严刑峻法施政于民的君主,则被斥责为专制暴政的肇始者。然而,韩非实际上将君主作为法治的首要对象,他以国乱之利害限君,以此使君主与权势相分离,并以法替代君主对权势的主导地位,君主欲得势就必须任法而行。韩非所说的势为自然之势,君主得势即是去其强力威势,而成为一虚静以待令的守道者,不可有任何逆道而动的行为。从韩非对君主所采取的限制策略上来看,正是以杜绝暴人在位为目标,其中使君主与权势分离而守中的主张,甚至潜含着废人治的现代政治意识。
With Confucian and Mencian kingship following the example of Yao and Shun,the integrated coexistence of monarch and power takes benevolence and righteousness as its basic beliefs,and the monarch’s power is limited by a spontaneous sense of moral shame.In contrast to the monarchy conceived in the benevolent rule of Confucius and Mencius,Han Fei’s idea of a monarch who governs the people with strict laws has long been denounced as the originator of authoritarian tyranny.However,Han Fei actually makes the monarch the primary target of the rule of law.He limits the monarch’s power by informing him the benefits and harms of state chaos,thus separates the monarch from power and replaced the monarch’s dominance over power with the law,which the monarch must follow in order to gain power.Han Fei’s idea of power is the power of nature and law,and the monarch gains power by reducing his tyranny and authority.Meanwhile,the monarch becomes a follower of nature and law,waiting for its orders instead of acting against it.Han Fei’s strategy of limiting the monarch’s power is aimed at eliminating the tyrant from the throne,and his idea of separating the monarch from the power and keeping the balanced way of ruling even implies the modern political consciousness of abolishing human rule.
作者
冒婉莹
Mao Wanying(Department of Philosophy,East China Normal University,Shanghai,200241)
出处
《成都大学学报（社会科学版）》
2022年第2期119-128,共10页
Journal of Chengdu University (Social Sciences)
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“明清中国天主教汉籍校注整理与耶儒佛道对话研究”(项目编号:19ZDA242)。
关键词
韩非
专制暴政
限君
守道
Han Fei
autocratic tyranny
limiting the monarch
abiding the rule of law
