摘要
随着中国城市化进程的快速发展,由人口外流引起的村落共同体凋敝现象屡见不鲜,有的村落渐渐变成“空心村”“留守村”,但也有一些民族村落依然保留着较好的血缘与地缘的连接关系,这些村落的民族文化及礼仪习俗在其中发挥了不可忽视的作用,他们通过传统特色民族文化方式一直维持了共同体的存续与发展。富宁安兰村蓝靛瑶丧葬仪式的田野调查与研究表明,民间传统丧葬仪式具有强化村落共同体集体记忆,连接社会亲属关系网络以及维护村落共同体社会秩序的功能,其蕴含的家先观念同样也阐释了关于神圣与世俗两个境界的情景交融互动及村落共同体维系之间的相关关系,为多维度探究铸牢中华民族共同体意识的形成提供一个新的研究视角。
With the rapid urbanization of China,the phenomenon of withering village communitiesdue to population exodus has become all too common,and some villages have gradually become“hollow villages”and“left-behind villages.”However,some ethnic minority villages apparently still maintain their traditional life.In such villages,folk rituals evidently play a vital role in the social life of their communities,especially in safeguarding community and cultural tradition.Folk rituals also appear to embody important ethnic values within a“pattern of diversity in unity of the Chinese nation”as part of contemporary rural social life.We find that through folklore rituals a deep cultural identity in local villages has been established.Arguably every ethnic group in China practices ancestor worship,and funeral rituals are a memorial to ancestors.These rites apparently have further strengthened and promoted the cohesion of various ethnic groups,solidifying a sense of community of the Chinese nation.Meanwhile,these community ceremonies conceivably play an important role in building up a common spiritual home for the Chinese nation:this“home”can bring together people of all ethnic groups,help them rely on each other spiritually,and form a strong spiritual bond of cohesion and unity.The funeral rituals of Landian Yao(or Indigo Yao)in Anlan Village of Funing seem to give place to a“secular-sacred-secular”sociological space field by means of ritual procedures,various religious symbolic activities,and taboos for example.This process of blending the“secular”and the“sacred”appears to create a structural transformation between death and rebirth,and the individual and the collective.This,we discovered,expresses people s understanding of life and death,reinforces the ethics of secular society,performs the social and cultural functions of consoling people s spirits,and integrates order in the daily life of the Landian Yao in Anlan Village.Looking at the timeline of history,of generations of people,and of how a nation evolves,we find it remarkable that the birth,cohesion,and development of a national community not only need land,population,and other entities as their foundation,but also need renewal and development of ideas,and the community members awareness of their own cultural and political identity.We have learned that traditional culture can bring unity of spirit,which in turn can lead to innovative transformation and creative development of the fine traditional social history and culture of the Chinese nation,further forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation.As arguably the Chinese nation has been evolving“from pluralism to integration”,the traditional excellent ethnic culture of the Landian Yao will have certain reference value and practical significance for preserving village communities as well as forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation.
作者
徐祖祥
段铸晟
Xu Zuxiang;Duan Zhucheng(School of Sociology,Yunnan Minzu University,Kunming,650500,Yunnan,China)
出处
《民族学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第12期81-88,132,共9页
Journal of Ethnology
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目“滇黔桂边区壮、瑶、苗诸族道教发展与民俗文化互构关系研究”(19AZJ006)阶段性成果。
关键词
蓝靛瑶
丧葬仪式
村落共同体
中华民族共同体意识
Landian Yao
funeral rituals
village community
a sense of community for the Chinese nation
