摘要
《中国药典》2020年版通则规定33种农药在中药材及饮片(植物类)中被禁用。经笔者总结可分为七大类:有机磷类、有机氯类、氨基甲酸酯类、脒类、磺酰脲类、苯基吡唑类及醚类。禁用农药具有神经毒性、生殖毒性、免疫系统毒性及致畸、致突变、致癌等作用,对人和动物的健康危害较大。不仅影响中药材及其产品的质量和安全性,也影响其在国际市场的竞争力。同时,中药材种类多、基质复杂,这对建立普适性且高灵敏的农药残留检测方法提出了更高的要求。该文对中药中禁用农药的残留现状、毒性以及分析方法进行了系统地归纳,并对不同分析技术的发展前景进行了展望,以期为中药禁用农残安全性和风险评估深入研究提供参考,以保障中药材安全生产。
A total of 33 pesticides have been banned from Chinese medicinal materials and decoction pieces(plants) according to Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition).According to the chemical structures,they are mainly divided into seven categories:organophosphorus compounds,organochlorines,carbamates,amidines,sulfonylureas,phenylpyrazoles,and ethers.These banned pesticides exhibit neurotoxicity,reproductive toxicity,immune system toxicity,teratogenicity,carcinogenesis,and mutagenesis,seriously damaging human and animal health.They affect not only the quality and safety of traditional Chinese medicines and resulting products,but also their competitiveness in the international market.Due to the numerous varieties of traditional Chinese medicines and their complex substrates,it is necessary to establish a universal and highly sensitive method for pesticide residue detection.This review systematically summarized the residual status,toxicity,and analytical methods of banned pesticides in traditional Chinese medicines,and forecasted the prospects of different analytical techniques,so as to provide reference for further safety and risk assessment of banned pesticide residues in traditional Chinese medicines,thus ensuring the safe production of traditional Chinese medicines.
作者
孙新琪
安芳
鹿倩
李春雨
骆骄阳
杨美华
SUN Xin-qi;AN Fang;LU Qian;LI Chun-yu;LUO Jiao-yang;YANG Mei-hua(Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine,Ministry of Education,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100193,China;School of Pharmacy,Hebei North University,Zhangjiakou 075000,China;National Clinical Research Center for Cancer,National Cancer Center,Cancer Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100021,China)
出处
《中国中药杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第3期611-627,共17页
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1710500)
国家自然科学基金项目(81573595)
国家外国专家人才类项目(G20200001511)。
关键词
禁用农药
中药材
残留现状
毒性
分析方法
banned pesticides
traditional Chinese medicines
residual status
toxicity
analytical method
