摘要
【目的】探索保水剂在滴灌香蕉集约化种植模式下的应用效果,为蕉园资源高效利用提供科学依据。【方法】采用田间试验,设置传统施肥处理(CK:N 596.8 kg/hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5)312.8 kg/hm^(2),K_(2)O 1850.3 kg/hm^(2))、化肥减量(T1处理:N、P_(2)O_(5)各减量55%,K_(2)O减量50%)、化肥减量+保水剂(T2处理:N、P_(2)O_(5)各减量55%,K_(2)O减量50%+SAP219.2 kg/hm^(2))共3个处理,每个处理重复3次,研究滴灌减量施肥条件下配施保水剂对香蕉产量、肥料利用效率及经济效益的影响。【结果】滴灌减施化肥条件下,施保水剂可显著提高香蕉的假茎围、青叶数(p<0.05),T2处理香蕉产量达54242 kg/hm^(2),较CK提高18.3%;化肥偏生产力较CK提高144.7%。T2处理纯收益为61700元/hm^(2),较CK增加137.4%,产出投入比由1.22∶1上升到1.58∶1。【结论】综合考虑香蕉产量、化肥减施和经济效益,滴灌减量施肥+保水剂(N 268.6 kg/hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5)140.5 kg/hm^(2),K_(2)O 925.2 kg/hm^(2)+SAP 219.2 kg/hm^(2))在香蕉上的应用效果较好。
【Objective】Excessive fertilization is often used by farmers as an insurance in crop production.It not only wastes resources but also risks environmental pollution and soil degradation.Reducing agrochemical fertilization has hence been mandated in China in developing sustainable agriculture.The purpose of this paper is to investigate the efficacy of amending soil with a water adsorbent to avert banana yield reduction after reducing chemical fertilization.【Method】The experiment was conducted at an acidic soil in Hainan province;it consisted of three treatments:(1)conventional fertilization by applying 596.8 kg/hm^(2)of N,312.8 kg/hm^(2)of P_(2)O_(5)and 1 850.3 kg/hm^(2)of K_(2)O (CK);(2)reducing 55%of N and P_(2)O_(5)respectively,and 50%of K_(2)O (T1);(3)reducing 55%of N and P_(2)O_(5)respectively,and50%of K_(2)O combined with soil amendment with 219.2 kg/hm^(2)of a water-absorbing polymer (T2).【Result】Compared with CK,amending the soil with the adsorbent increased girth and leaf numbers of the plant (P<0.05);it also increased the yield by 18.3%to 54 242 kg/hm^(2),in addition to the 144.7%increase in partial factor productivity.The net income of after the soil amendment was 61 700 yuan/hm^(2),137.4%higher than that of the CK.Its output-input ratio increased from 1.22∶1 in the CK to 1.58∶1.【Conclusion】Top-dressing 268.6 kg/hm^(2)of N,140.5 kg/hm^(2)of P_(2)O_(5)and 925.2 kg/hm^(2)of K_(2)O,coupled with amending the soil with 219.2 kg/hm^(2)of absorbent polymer annually,not only improved fruit yield after reducing the fertilization but also improved fruit yield and boosted the income of farmers.
作者
臧小平
云天艳
马蔚红
井涛
李凯
王尉
谢江辉
ZANG Xiaoping;YUN Tianyan;MA Weihong;JING Tao;LI Kai;WANG Wei;XIE Jianghui(Haikou Experimental Station,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences/Hainan Provinc ial Key Laboratory of Banana Gentic Improvement,Haikou 571101,China;Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences,Haikou 571101,China)
出处
《灌溉排水学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第3期40-46,共7页
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage
基金
海南省自然科学基金项目(320RC68,321QN0913)
国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-31-5)。
关键词
化肥减施
滴灌
香蕉
保水剂
产量
reducing chemical fertilization
drip irrigation
banana
water absorbent polymer
fruit yield
