摘要
非晶合金具有许多优于传统合金的性能,而具有纳米晶结构的非晶合金材料的许多特性与传统的晶态合金材料和非晶态合金材料有着根本的不同。铁基非晶合金作为应用最广泛的非晶合金体系之一,通过热处理获得的具有纳米晶结构的合金具有更加优异的软磁性能,而这种高性能的功能合金响应了国家节能减排的号召,是21世纪信息、生物、能源、环保、空间与高技术领域重点发展的绿色产品。为了获得具备更多优异性能的纳米晶合金材料,近几十年来众多学者研究了元素的替代对纳米晶合金的影响。然而,当前对于纳米晶合金的研究仅局限于铁基非晶合金,并未探索其他元素基体的非晶合金;同时,目前对于纳米晶合金成分的设计大多根据经验规律或者探索性试验进行,尚未形成具有统一共识的理论模型。自1988年Finemet合金问世以来,研究者们除了为提高其软磁性能进行了大量的尝试之外,对纳米晶的形成机理也展开了不断的探索,发现对于Finemet合金纳米晶的结晶机制主要归因于α-Fe(Si)基体中Cu元素和Nb元素的相互作用。Finemet系列合金由于成本低廉,并且具备铁基非晶合金的高磁感与钴基非晶合金的低磁滞损耗与高磁导率,目前已经在变压器及电流互感器等领域实现应用。同时随着社会的进步以及对绿色发展的需求日益增长,对Finemet合金的研究不再局限于其在变压器设计的应用,研究者们对合金的巨磁阻抗效应、表面多样性及其向复合材料的发展也做了大量的探索,实现了其在军工、信息、能源等行业的应用。本文以经典Finemet合金为例,归纳了近年来通过元素的置换对Finemet合金的研究,分析了各个元素对Finemet合金的影响,通过分析Finemet合金的纳米晶结晶过程,归类出各组成元素影响纳米晶磁性能的机理,在此基础上,提出了一种研究纳米晶磁性合金的理论模型。最后,回顾了Finemet合金的研究进展并展望其未来的发展方向。
Amorphous alloys have many properties superior to traditional alloys, and many properties of amorphous alloys with nanocrystalline structureare fundamentally different from those of traditional crystalline alloys and amorphous alloys. As one of the most widely used amorphous al-loys, iron-based amorphous alloys have more excellent soft magnetic properties after heat treatment. This high-performance functional alloy re-sponds to the call of national energy conservation and emission reduction policy, and is a green product that focuses on the development of infor-mation, biology, energy, environmental protection, space and high technology in the 21st century. In order to obtain nanocrystalline alloys with more excellent properties, many scholars have studied the effect of element substitution on nano-crystalline alloys in recent decades. However, the current research on nanocrystalline alloys is limited to iron-based amorphous alloys, and thereis no exploration of amorphous alloys based on other elements. At the same time, the design of nanocrystalline alloy components is mostly basedo n empirical laws or exploratory experiments, and there is no unified consensus on the theoretical model for the design of alloy components. Since the advent of Finemet alloy in 1988, in addition to a large number of attempts to improve its soft magnetic properties, researchers have also carried out continuous exploration on the formation mechanism of nanocrystals. It is found that the crystallization mechanism of Finemet alloy nanocrystals is mainly attributed to the interaction between Cu and Nb in the α-Fe(Si)matrix. Finemet series alloys have been applied in transformers and current transformers due to their low cost, high magnetic induction of Fe-based amorphous alloys, and low hysteresis loss and high permeability of Co-based amorphous alloys. At the same time, with the progress of society and the growing demand for green development, the research of Finemet alloy is no longer limited to the application in the transformer design. Researchers have done a lot of exploration on the giant magneto impedance effect, surface diversity and the development of composite materials, and have realized its application in military, information, energy and other industries. Taking the classic Finemet alloy as an example, this paper summarizes the research on Finemet alloy by element replacement in recent years,and analyzes the influence of various elements on Finemet alloy. By analyzing the nanocrystalline crystallization process of Finemet alloy, the mechanism of various elements affecting the magnetic properties of nanocrystalline is classified. On this basis, a theoretical model for studying nanocrystalline magnetic alloy is proposed. Finally, the research progress and future development of Finemet alloys are reviewed.
作者
郑皓天
王子龙
李翔
ZHENG Haotian;WANG Zilong;LI Xiang(School of Materials Science and Engineering,University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,Shanghai 200093,China)
出处
《材料导报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第7期179-185,共7页
Materials Reports
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(52072245)
上海自然科学基金面上项目(177ZR1419700)。
关键词
FINEMET
纳米晶合金
过渡族金属
结晶过程
磁性能
Finemet
nanocrystalline alloys
transition metals
crystallization process
magnetic properties
