摘要
农地"三权分置"作为新发展阶段我国农地制度的重大创新,应基于乡村振兴战略目标要求构建新型农地"三权分置"制度。农地"三权分置"助推乡村振兴的理论逻辑在于,通过强化集体土地所有权管理功能统摄下稳定农户承包权的保障功能和放活土地经营权的财产功能,最终通过农地"三重复合功能"发挥作用,从而最大限度地从边际上提升农业发展效率,通过农业现代化助推乡村振兴。当前农地"三权分置"政策执行中存在所有权实践地位强化排斥小农的困境、承包权主体地位弱化与固化的困境以及经营权大规模流转偏向导致的效率困境,背离了政策制定者预设的目标,不利于推进乡村振兴。为此,本文基于对上海松江的实践考察,提出以成员权的集体土地所有制、承包权自愿有偿退出与转让机制以及立足传统农民本位的农地经营权制度来健全农地"三权分置"的实现路径,培育固守农业农村的"新型职业农民"作为突破,最大限度地提升农业生产效率,通过农业农村现代化助推乡村振兴。
As a major innovation of China’s agricultural land system in the new development stage, the “separation of three rights” system of agricultural land should be constructed based on the Rural Revitalization goal. The theoretical logic of “separation of three rights” can boost rural revitalization is that “separation of three rights” can strengthen the farmers’ contract right under the control of collective land ownership management and liberalize the property function of land management right, and finally play a role through the “triple compound function” of agricultural land to maximize the marginal efficiency of agricultural development which can promote rural revitalization. At present, there are some difficulties in the implementation of the “separation of three rights”,such as the strengthening of the practical status of ownership, the exclusion of small farmers, the weakening and solidification of the subject status of contract right, and the efficiency dilemma caused by the large-scale transfer of management right, which deviate from the preset goal of policy makers and are not conducive to promote rural revitalization. Therefore, based on the practical investigation in Songjiang, Shanghai, this paper proposes that the realization mechanism of “separation of three rights” of agricultural land should be improved by the collective land ownership of membership right, the voluntary withdrawal and transfer mechanism of contract right, and the agricultural land management right system based on the traditional farmers’ standard. We need to cultivate “new professional farmers” who stick to the agricultural countryside as a breakthrough path, maximize the efficiency of agricultural production and boost rural revitalization through agricultural and rural modernization.
出处
《农业经济问题》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第2期60-69,共10页
Issues in Agricultural Economy
基金
中央高校基本科研业务费项目“乡村振兴背景下宅基地‘三权分置’的理论创新与权能实现研究”(编号:SWU1909794)
2021年度重庆市社会科学规划项目(青年项目)“农地‘三权分置’下重庆推进现代农业经营体系建设研究”(编号:2021NDQN41)
“重庆市教委人文社会科学研究党的十九届六中全会研究阐释专项项目”的全会精神研究阐释成果。
关键词
三权分置
乡村振兴
三重复合功能
新型职业农民
Separation of three rights
Rural revitalization
Triple compound function
New professional farmers
