摘要
中国旅游研究正面临思想和理论创新滞后的窘境,对旅游哲学和方法论的忽视是主要原因。旅游研究的哲学困境有其历史根源,方法论层面缺乏深刻省思和批判争鸣是其关键原因。当前,中国旅游研究的问题主要表现为两个"过度"和三个"缺失":研究主题过度政策和行业导向,研究范式过度实证主义倾向;对旅游问题的社会根源反思缺失,旅游研究的批判性思维缺失,旅游思想史和方法论研究缺失。需要对旅游、旅游业和旅游研究三者的关系进行深入研究,将旅游所涉及三个基本层面:个体性、社会性和经济性进行统合思考。基于旅游研究的跨学科特征以及旅游与生活的密切关联,重构旅游研究理论的路径有三个:首先,必须唤醒学科的理论意识,并重塑旅游学科的相对独立性;其次,需要注重旅游思想史研究,并鼓励方法论争鸣,形成旅游学本体论、认识论和方法论的谱系;最后,注重理论和实践的相互转化,推进旅游、旅游业与旅游研究的辩证统一,实现精神的自由、社会的交流和学术的独立。
At present,China has become a big country in both tourism and tourism research.However,its tourism research is relatively backward in terms of ideological and theoretical innovation,mostly because the researchers do not put much emphasis on tourism philosophy or tourism research methodology.Exploring philosophical questions and establishing a methodology system are the basis for a discipline to move towards independence and maturity.Criticism is a key premise for creation.In this sense,it is necessary to fully examine the status quo of tourism research in China from the perspective of methodology.Currently,there is still a large gap between the tourism philosophy and the evolution trend of philosophical thoughts.This situation is caused by many factors,such as the combined effects of the division between philosophy and science and the rapid development of the modern tourism industry.It is also closely related to the popularity of multi-disciplinary approach and multi-theoretical system in tourism research.Generally speaking,tourism research in China shows an obvious imbalance between subjectivity and objectivity,value-freedom and value-relevance,and instrumental rationality and value rationality in terms of methodology.Meanwhile,the research focuses have extended from research paradigm,theoretical innovation,method system to discipline positioning,humanity,etc.As a result of this trend,China’s tourism research features“two excessiveness”and“three deficiencies”.The two excessiveness mean that the research subjects excessively cater for tourism polices and industrial development,and the positivism research paradigm is excessively used,while the three deficiencies mean the deficiency in reflection on the social cause of tourism phenomenon,in critical thinking of tourism research theory,and in ideological history and methodology system of tourism research.To address the problem of the absence of philosophy in tourism research,we need to examine thoroughly the relations between tourism,tourism industry and tourism research,and promote the unity of individuality,sociality and economy.It is also necessary to strike a balance between tourism philosophy and tourism science and between value rationality and instrumental rationality,so as to lay a foundation for developing a new tourism research methodology.Given that tourism research is highly interdisciplinary and closely related to people’s daily life,there are three paths to reconstruct the theories of tourism research.The first is to raise the awareness of the researchers for developing and employing theories and rebuild the relative independence of tourism research.The second is to encourage the study on tourism thoughts and the use of diversified methodologies,in a bid to form a set of ontology,epistemology and methodology for tourism research.The third is to strengthen the connection between theories and practices,promote the interaction and integration between tourism,tourism industry and tourism research,with a view to realizing the freedom of spirit,facilitating social exchanges and promoting academic independence.Since China’s tourism research paradigms and subjects are deeply influenced by the western academic discourse system,developing a tourism research methodology that unifies individual,industry and academic community will also have positive implications for the wider international tourism research.
作者
张清源
叶超
ZHANG Qingyuan;YE Chao(School of Geography Science,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)
出处
《旅游学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第1期134-147,共14页
Tourism Tribune
基金
国家自然科学基金项目“基于地方性的人文地理学思想创新模式研究”(41871143)和“‘四个面向’主导下地理学与治理融合发展战略研究”(42142026)资助。
关键词
旅游
旅游学
哲学
认识论
范式
tourism
tourism research
philosophy
epistemology
paradigm
