摘要
纳米金属颗粒的安全性是我国纳米产业发展亟需解决的重要课题,认识纳米金属颗粒在土壤-植物系统中的迁移转化和生物效应是其安全性研究的重要内容.本文系统阐述了纳米金属颗粒在土壤中的迁移转化、在植物中的运输过程和机制以及在植物中的生物转化及其对植物的生物学效应,并在此基础上提出未来研究展望.结果表明:①复杂的土壤环境(pH、离子强度、离子价态、温度、溶解性有机质)能够影响纳米金属颗粒在土壤中的迁移及其形态转化(吸附/解吸、分散/沉降、解离和氧化/还原);②纳米金属颗粒首先吸附在植物的根部,再通过质外体或共质体途经向植物内部转移,由木质部和韧皮部组成的维管系统进行转运;③根际分泌物以及植物体内的蛋白质与有机酸等对纳米金属颗粒在植物中的生物转化起到重要作用;④纳米金属颗粒可以通过引起氧化应激或抑制营养元素吸收对植物产生毒性效应.为此,提出未来研究展望:建议重点关注纳米金属颗粒在土壤中形态转变过程的耦合效应,以及各赋存形态在植物体内的运输途径、生物转化过程机制及其对植物生物效应的贡献等.
The safety and bio-effects of nano metallic materials are one of the most important issues in the development of China's nano-industry.Understanding the translocation,transformation and bio-effects of nano metallic materials in the soil-plant system is essential for studying their safety.This study systematically summarized the research progress on the migration and transformation of nano metallic materials in soil,their transportation process and biotransformation in plants,and bio-effects on plants.Firstly,the complex soil environment(pH,ionic strength,ion valence,temperature and dissolved organic matter)will affect the migration of nano metallic materials in soil and their morphological transformation(adsorption/desorption,dispersion/sedimentation,dissociation and oxidation/reduction).Secondly,nano metallic materials are first adsorbed on the roots of plants,and then transferred into plants through the exoplasms or symplasts,and transported by the vascular system composed of xylem and phloem.Thirdly,plant rhizosphere exudates,proteins and organic acids play an important role in the biotransformation of nano metallic materials in plants.Fourthly,nano metallic materials can cause oxidative stress and inhibit nutrient absorption to produce toxic effects on plants.The study puts forward a prospect for future research,including:the coupling effect of the transformation process of nano metallic materials in soil;the contribution of various species in plants to the transportation pathway,the biotransformation process and mechanisms,and the biological effects on plants.
作者
疏茂
汤岑鹏
赵峰娃
赵青
SHU Mao;TANG Cenpeng;ZHAO Fengwa;ZHAO Qing(*1.Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-Environmental Pollution Control and Management,Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Science,Guangdong Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510650,China;National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China,Guangzhou 510650,China;China Conch Venture Holdings Limited,Wuhu 241070,China;Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China)
出处
《环境科学研究》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第2期435-442,共8页
Research of Environmental Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金优秀青年基金项目(No.42022056)
广东省科学院专项资金项目(No.2020GDASYL-20200101002)。
关键词
纳米金属颗粒
土壤-植物系统
迁移转化
生物效应
nano metallic materials
soil-plant system
migration and transformation
bio-effects
