摘要
传统的水环境容量以90%设计枯水流量为计算条件,存在水文计算条件单一、水环境容量不易管控等缺点。考虑河道流量与入河污染物影响下的水环境容量逐月变化,提出了基于水文过程与污染源变化条件下的动态水环境容量与入河污染管控计算方法。以山西潇河流域晋中段为例,计算了研究流域两水功能区的逐月水环境容量及其余量,运用MIKE11模型计算了逐月允许的动态入河污染负荷。研究结果表明:(1)2019年水功能区A的COD和氨氮水环境容量阈值分别为138.37~216.54 t和6.38~14.19 t,7-10月水环境容量较大;水功能区B的COD和氨氮水环境容量阈值分别为417.67~821.05 t和9.32~29.49 t,5-8月份水环境容量较小。(2)在满足水功能区目标水质的基础上,2019年水功能区A允许的入河负荷均大于现状入河量,汛期COD和氨氮容量余量较多;水功能区B在1月、2月应削减氨氮0.003、0.086 t;削减COD 0.05、0.143 t,4-7月份允许的污染负荷大于实际入河量,余量较多。计算的动态水环境容量能够客观反映变化水文条件下的水环境容量及其余量实际,给出了满足河道水质目标前提下的入河污染物允许阈值,为流域水环境保护与管理提供重要参考和新思路。
The traditional water environment capacity is calculated based on 90%of the designed low flow,having the disadvantages such as single hydrological calculation conditions and hard to control according to the water environment capacity results.This paper considers the monthly changes of water environment capacity under the influence of river flow and pollutants entering the river,and proposes a calculation method for dynamic water environment capacity and river pollution control based on changes in hydrological processes and pollution sources.Taking the Jinzhong section of the Xiaohe River Basin in Shanxi province as an example,the monthly water environmental capacity and the remaining amount of the two-water functional zone in the study basin are calculated,and the MIKE11 model is used to calculate the monthly allowable dynamic pollution load into the river.The results show that:(1)In 2019,the COD and NH3-N water environmental capacity thresholds of Water Function Zone A are 138.37~216.54 t and 6.38~14.19 t,respectively,and the water environment capacity is relatively large in July to October;the COD and NH3-N water environmental capacity thresholds of Water Function Zone B are respectively 417.67~821.05 t and 9.32~29.49 t,and its water environment capacity is relatively small from May to August.(2)On the basis of meeting the water quality target of the water function zone,the allowable river inflow load of Water Function Zone A in 2019 is greater than the current river inflow,with more margin of COD and NH3-N in the flood season;the NH3-N should be reduced by 0.003 and 0.086 t,should be reduced by 0.05 and 0.143 t in Water Function Zone B in January and February respectively.The allowable pollution load from April to July is greater than the actual river discharge,which can be appropriately relaxed.The dynamic water environment capacity calculated in this paper can objectively reflect the actual water environment capacity and the remaining amount under changing hydrological conditions,and gives the allowable threshold of pollutants entering the river under the premise of meeting the water quality target of the river,providing an important reference and new ideas for the water environment protection and management of the river basin.
作者
张秀菊
王宝斌
徐小溪
李秀平
王灵生
ZHANG Xiu-ju;WANG Bao-bin;XU Xiao-xi;LI Xiu-ping;WANG Ling-sheng(School of Hydrology and Water Resources,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;Jinzhong Water Resources Bureau,Jinzhong,Shanxi 030600,China)
出处
《中国农村水利水电》
北大核心
2022年第2期20-26,33,共8页
China Rural Water and Hydropower
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1508200)
山西省水利科技项目(XS2019004)。
关键词
动态水环境容量
水环境容量余量
入河污染负荷动态管控
目标水质阈值
MIKE11
dynamic water environment capacity
water environment capacity margin
dynamic management and control of pollution load in the river
threshold corresponding to the water quality target
MIKE11
