摘要
浑善达克沙地是中国十大沙漠沙地之一,是距离北京最近的沙源地。传统的畜牧业生产经营模式使得该地区草地利用长期以来存在较多问题,尤其是对于草畜关系的认识一直比较模糊。本研究采用调查问卷的形式对浑善达克腹地的正蓝旗桑根达来镇进行牧户和嘎查层面的调查,利用OMMLP模型对不同类型牧户和嘎查从能量平衡的角度进行模拟分析,为浑善达克沙地草畜资源规划提供理论依据。主要结果如下:①当地能量供应存在春季不足,夏秋结余,冬季基本持平的不均衡现象;②各个嘎查家畜能量亏缺主要在繁殖哺乳期和冬春季饲草料短缺季节,大型牧户能量亏缺的出现时间较中等牧户和小型牧户推迟1~2个月;③中等户和大型户净收益显著高于贫困户,但大型牧户的单位家畜净收益却与贫困牧户无差异;④移民村牧户家畜冬春季节能量的需求量高于自然村,且饲养家畜数量显著高于自然村牧户,经济效益优于自然村牧户。模拟研究可明晰该区域真实的草畜关系现状,指导地方家庭牧场生产经营可持续发展。
Hunshandake Sandy Land is one of the top ten desert sandy lands in China,which is the nearest sand source to Beijing.The traditional animal husbandry production and management model has caused many problems in the grassland utilization in this area for a long time,especially the understanding of the relationship between the grass and livestock has been relatively vague. In order to clarify the actual status of the grass-animal relationship in this region,the questionnaires were used to collect the information of the county and household ranch in Sanggendalai Town,and the OMMLP model was used to simulate the energy balance. The results were as follows:① There was a shortage in local forage supplies in spring,surplus in summer and autumn,and basically the same in winter.② The energy shortage was mainly in the breeding and lactation period,and the season of forage shortage in winter and spring. The delayed time of energy shortage in the large farms was one to two months longer than that of medium-sized and small farms.③ The net income of medium households and large households was significantly higher than that of small-scale households,but the large-scale farms’ net income per sheep unit had no differences with the small farms.④The energy requirement of the domestic animals in the immigrant village was significantly higher than that of the normal village,so did the economic benefits. It could be concluded that the simulation could clarify the actual status of the relationship between the grass and livestock in the region,guiding the sustainable development of local family farm production and management system.
作者
李治国
屈志强
王静
那亚
赵萌莉
韩国栋
马乐
哈洁
LI Zhiguo;QU Zhiqiang;WANG Jing;NA Ya;ZHAO Mengli;HAN Guodong;MA Le;HA Jie(College of Grassland,Resources and Environment,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010011,China)
出处
《内蒙古农业大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
2021年第6期38-43,共6页
Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(32060384)
内蒙古自然科学基金项目(2018MS03017)
内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2017BS0403)
内蒙古自治区科技成果转化项目(2019CG069)
内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2020GG0100)。
关键词
浑善达克沙地
家庭牧场
草畜平衡
模型
能量
Hunshandake Sandy Land
household ranch
forage and animal balance
model
energy
