摘要
干扰素是一种广谱抗病毒剂,其本质是一组具有多种功能的活性蛋白质(主要是糖蛋白),通过与细胞表面受体结合,诱导细胞产生多种抗病毒蛋白,从而激活下游信号通路,发挥对病毒的复制、播散等过程的阻断作用,同时还能调节非特异和特异免疫,加强机体的抗病毒能力。麻疹和水痘分别由麻疹病毒和水痘-带状疱疹病毒感染引起的常见的呼吸道传染病,病毒从口鼻黏膜和(或)眼结膜侵入人体,在体内引起病毒血症,从而引起一序列临床症状,如发热、特征性皮疹等,这两种疾病具有自限性,大多患者病情较轻,且病后可获得终身免疫,治疗上以休息、营养、对症支持治疗及预防并发症为主。但在成人、免疫抑制的人群中易发生严重,甚至威胁生命的感染,并且常继发脑炎、肺炎等并发症。因此需要尽早抗病毒治疗,如阿昔洛韦口服或静脉使用。同时临床研究表明,相较于阿昔洛韦治疗,干扰素的应用能够有效改善患者的症状,缩短病程,减少并发症的发生,同时临床用药安全,副作用少。
Interferon(IFN) is a broad-spectrum antiviral agent.Its essence is a group of active proteins(mainly glycoproteins) with multiple functions.Through binding with cell surface receptors, it induces cells to produce a variety of antiviral proteins, so as to activate downstream signal pathways, block the process of virus replication and dissemination, and regulate nonspecific and specific immunity, Strengthen the antiviral ability of the body.Measles and Varicella are common respiratory infectious diseases caused by measles virus and varicella-zoster virus(VZV) infection.The virus invades the human body from the oral and nasal mucosa and/or eye conjunctiva, causing viremia in the body, resulting in a series of clinical symptoms, such as fever and characteristic rash.These two diseases are self limiting, and most patients are in mild condition After the disease the patients can obtain lifelong immunity.The treatment is mainly rest, nutritional supplementation, symptomatic support, treatment and prevention of complications.However, serious and even life-threatening infections are more prone to occur in adults and immunosuppressed populations, and often secondary complications such as encephalitis and pneumonia.Therefore, early antivirals are needed, such as oral or intravenous use of acyclovir.At the same time, clinical studies reveal that compared with acyclovir treatment, the application of interferon can effectively and significantly improve patients′ symptoms, shorten the course of disease and reduce the occurrenc of complications.More importantly, interferon is safe and has few side effects.
作者
曾子璐
陈宏翔
林能兴
ZENG Zilu;CHEN Hongxiang;LIN Nengxing(Department of Dermatology,Union Hospital Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430022,China)
出处
《皮肤科学通报》
2021年第6期557-562,共6页
Dermatology Bulletin
关键词
麻疹
水痘
干扰素
Measles
Varicella
Interferon
