摘要
目的:冷环境暴露对机体最大有氧耐力运动表现的影响研究报道不一,受试者性别、年龄、身体成分组成特点及在冷环境的着装等都会对研究结果产生影响。本研究拟探讨身穿专业越野滑雪服在冷环境(-6.8℃±1.6℃,湿度66%±5.7%)暴露时对机体最大有氧耐力运动表现及相关生理学指标的影响,以期为冬季项目低温训练期最大有氧耐力运动表现特征提供实验室依据。方法:选取运动等级二级及以上某大学男性(17名)和女性(13名)共30名受试者,分别在冷环境和常温环境(温度22℃±1.2℃,湿度52%±5.2%)下,采用改良版BRUCE递增运动负荷方案,监测运动中皮肤温度(前额温度)、核心温度、心率变化特点,以及完成递增负荷运动持续时间、相对最大摄氧量、峰值最大摄氧量、血乳酸水平和递增负荷运动主观疲劳感觉。结果:冷环境下递增负荷运动前、后前额温度均较常温环境低,核心温度增加幅度低于常温环境。冷环境下递增负荷运动前安静心率显著增加(男性/女性,P<0.05);冷环境下递增负荷运动后即刻心率较常温环境中对应时间点显著降低(男性/女性,P<0.01)。冷环境男性相对最大摄氧量和峰值最大摄氧量分别增加19.6%和21.8%,女性增加28.2%和28.5%;完成递增负荷运动持续时间均较常温环境显著增加(男性/女性,P<0.05);血乳酸水平亦显著增加(男性/女性,P<0.05);主观疲劳感觉无显著变化。结论:冷环境暴露时,在人体核心温度范围,最大有氧耐力运动表现及相关生理学指标变化不具有性别差异;相比常温环境,本研究条件下递增负荷运动后即刻心率显著下降,完成递增负荷运动持续时间、峰值最大摄氧量、相对最大摄氧量水平显著增高。
Objectives:the effects of cold exposure on maximum aerobic endurance performance vary.The gender,age,body composition of the subjects and the clothing for a cold environment will all have an impact on the results of the study.This study intends to explore the effects of wearing professional cross-country skiing suits in a cold environment(-6.8℃±1.6℃,humidity 66%±5.7%)on athletes’maximum aerobic endurance performance and on related physiological indicators,with a view to providing laboratory basis for maximum aerobic endurance exercise during low-temperature training for winter sports.Method:a total of 30 level-2 or above male(17)and female(13)athlete university students were selected,and they were respectively placed in a cold environment and a normal temperature environment(temperature 22℃±1.2℃,humidity 52%±5.2%).An improved version of the BRUCE incremental exercise load program was used to monitor the skin temperature(forehead temperature),core temperature,heart rate changes during exercise,as well as the duration of the incremental load exercise,VO2 max,VO2 peak,and blood lactic acid level and their subjective fatigue resulting from incremental load exercise.Results:The forehead temperature before and after the incremental load exercise in the cold environment was lower than that in the normal temperature environment,and the increase in core temperature was lower than that in the normal temperature environment.The resting heart rate increased significantly before incremental load exercise in the cold environment(male/female,P<0.05);the heart rate immediately after incremental load exercise in the cold environment was significantly lower than that in the normal temperature environment(male/female,P<0.01).VO2 max and VO2 peak for men in the cold environment increased by 19.6% and 21.8%,respectively,and for women,they increased by 28.2% and 28.5%,respectively;the duration of completing incremental load exercise was significantly longer than that in the normal temperature environment(male/female,P<0.05);the blood lactic acid level also increased significantly(male/female,P<0.05);there was no significant change in the subjective fatigue.Conclusion:under cold exposure,there is no gender difference in maximum aerobic endurance performance and related physiological indicators;compared with the normal temperature environment,the heart rate and core temperature immediately after incremental load exercise under the conditions of this study significantly reduce,and the duration of completing the incremental load exercise is longer;VO_(2) max and VO_(2) peak levels increase significantly.
作者
韩鹏
吕媛媛
赵丽
HAN Peng;LV Yuan-yuan;ZHAO Li(Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China)
出处
《北京体育大学学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第12期156-166,共11页
Journal of Beijing Sport University
基金
国家重点研发计划“科技冬奥”重点专项“冬季项目运动员专项能力特征和科学选材关键技术——特定环境对冬季项目运动员生物学特征影响的研究”(项目编号:2018YFF0300405)。
