摘要
以土默川苏打碱化土壤为研究对象,通过田间定位试验探讨不同有机物料添加对碱化土壤有机碳库与质量的影响。设置生物炭(BC)、牛粪(CD)、羊粪(GM)、玉米秸秆(SW)和对照(CK)共5个处理,于2019~2020年春季将所有有机物料以玉米秸秆全量还田(10.5t/hm^(2))为基准,按等量有机碳量(2.4t/hm^(2))的方式添加。于秋收后采集土壤样品,通过计算土壤质量指数(SQI)来评价土壤质量。结果表明:(1)有机物添加处理下,0~30cm土层土壤有机碳含量与密度显著高于CK(P<0.05),其中秸秆处理主要增加了难氧化有机碳(P<0.05),其余处理下易氧化和难氧化有机碳均有所增加(P<0.05);(2)牛粪和羊粪添加处理下,0~30cm土层土壤速效钾和全氮含量显著提升(P<0.05),牛粪和秸秆添加显著降低土壤碱化度(P<0.05),而生物炭和秸秆添加显著降低土壤pH;(3)各处理水稳性团聚体直径越小,占比越小,其中秸秆对大水稳性团聚体的增加最为明显(P<0.05);(4)有机物处理下,土壤蔗糖酶的活性均高于CK(P<0.05),秸秆添加显著提高土壤磷酸酶活性(P<0.05);(5)生物炭对产量的提升效果最佳(P<0.05),其地上生物量与玉米产量较CK增加80.37%和103.11%。各处理SQI由高到低依次为SW>BC>CD>GM>CK,对应的指数值分别为0.75、0.55、0.55、0.51和0.47。这表明,有机碳添加量为2.4t/hm^(2)时,秸秆对中度碱化潮土的质量提升效果最好。为碱化土壤质量提升及有机物料合理资源化利用提供科学依据及可行性建议。
Taking soda-alkalized soil of Tumochuan as the research object,the effect of different organic materials on the effects of different organic materials on the organic carbon pool and quality of alkalized soil was explored in this study through filed experiments,in which five treatments were set up,including biochar(BC),cow manure(CD),sheep manure(GM),corn straw(SW),and control(CK).In the spring of 2019~2020,all of the organic materials were added to the field based on the full corn straw returning(10.5 t/hm^(2)),which was equivalent to the organic carbon amount of 2.4 t/hm^(2).Soil samples were collected after the autumn harvest,and the soil quality was evaluated by calculating soil quality index(SQI).The results showed that:(1)Under the treatment of organic materials addition,soil organic carbon content and density of the 0~30cm soil layer were significantly higher than that of CK(P<0.05).Corn straw treatment mainly increased the hardly oxidized organic carbon(P<0.05).Both easily and hardly oxidized organic carbon were increased under other treatments(P<0.05);(2)With the addition of cow dung and sheep dung,the available potassium and total nitrogen in the 0~30cm soil layer increased significantly(P<0.05).The addition of cow dung and straw significantly reduced soil alkalinity(P<0.05),while the addition of biochar and straw significantly decreased the soil pH;(3)The smaller the diameter of the water-stable aggregates in each treatment,the smaller the proportion,in which the increase of straw on large water-stable aggregates was the most significant(P<0.05);(4)The activity of soil invertase in all organic material treatments were higher than that of CK(P<0.05),and straw addition significantly increased the activity of soil phosphatase(P<0.05);(5)Biochar treatment had the best effect on increasing corn yield(P<0.05)that its above-ground biomass and corn yield increased by 80.37%and 103.11%,respectively,compared with CK.The rank of SQI among different treatments followed as:SW>BC>CD>GM>CK,and the corresponding index values were 0.75,0.55,0.55,0.51 and 0.47,respectively.In conclusion,when the amount of added organic carbon was 2.4 t/hm^(2),the straw treatment had optimal effect on the quality of moderately alkaline fluvo-aquic soil.This research provided scientific basis and feasible suggestions for the improvement of alkalized soil quality and the rational resource utilization of organic materials.
作者
温馨
红梅
张月鲜
裴志福
赵卉鑫
陈晨
WEN Xin;Hongmei;ZHANG Yue-xian;PEI Zhi-fu;ZHAO Hui-xin;CHEN Chen(College of Grassland,Resources and Environment,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010011,China;Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nutrient Resources in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Hohhot 010011,China)
出处
《中国草地学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第1期39-49,共11页
Chinese Journal of Grassland
基金
科技部国家重点研发项目“西北农田氮磷流失综合防控技术集成”(2018YFD0800802)。
关键词
碱化潮土
有机物料
有机碳密度
酶活性
土壤质量
Alkalized soil
Organic material
Organic carbon density
Enzyme activity
Soil quality
