摘要
目前,学术界对教育治理尚没有清晰的层级划分,没有完整绘制出多层级的教育治理体系。教育治理需要拓展为纵向多层面、横向多维度的立体化网络。纵向多层面是指政府、学校、班级三个层面。在每个层面上都需要解决管理失灵与市场失灵两个问题,即行政化对于教育活力的压抑以及商业化对教育公益性的侵蚀。横向多维度是指每个层面都有各自的多元共治、自治和元治。多元共治是教育治理的本质特征,通过充分沟通、协商、合作,能有效促进教育管理的理性化。多元共治通过教育管理权责的向下分权和多元主体参与教育决策来实现。教育治理的重点是扩大与保护学校、教师、学生的自主权,其中学生的自主权最重要,教育治理要珍视通过自组织所形成的自发秩序。共治集中体现了民主精神,自治集中体现了自由精神,元治则为共治与自治保驾护航。元治的作用表现在为共治与自治提供制度安排,进行利益整合,并通过统筹与问责维护教育的公益性。三个层面中都各有一个主体担当元治角色,其中政府的元治最重要,政府要对三个层面所有的治理行为与效果负总责。通过对教育治理概念的外延拓展,比较清晰地描绘出了教育治理的完整图景,完善了从宏观层面到微观层面的教育治理体系。
At present,there is no clear hierarchy of educational governance or a complete multi-level network of educational governance in academic circles.Educational governance needs to be expanded into a stereoscopic network with vertical levels and horizontal dimensions.Vertical levels refer to three levels:the government,the school,and the class;at each level,it is necessary to solve such problems as management failure and market failure,that is,the suppression of administration on the vitality of education and the erosion of commercialization in the public welfare of education.Horizontal dimensions indicate that each dimension has its own multi-governance,autonomy,and meta-governance.As the essential feature of educational governance,multi-governance helps to promote rational educational management by means of full communication,consultation,and cooperation,and it can be realized through decentralized educational management and various participants in educational decision-making.Educational governance focuses on the expansion and protection of the autonomy of schools,teachers and students,and the autonomy of students is the most important;in educational governance,we should cherish the spontaneous order formed through self-organization.Co-governance embodies the spirit of democracy,autonomy represents the spirit of freedom,and meta-governance protects co-governance and autonomy.Meta-governance functions by providing institutional arrangement for co-governance and autonomy,integrating interests,and maintaining the public welfare of education through overall planning and accountability.Each of the three levels has a role-player in meta-governance,and the meta-governance of the government is the most imperative;the government is supposed to take overall responsibility for the governance and its effect at the three levels.This study,based on the expansion of the concept of educational governance,gives a clear description of the complete picture of educational governance,and improves the educational governance system from a macro level to a micro level.
作者
褚宏启
Chu Hongqi(Beijing Open University,Beijing 100081)
出处
《教育研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第12期105-119,共15页
Educational Research
基金
国家社会科学基金2021年度教育学重点课题“新时代教育公平的重点问题与政策体系研究”(课题批准号:AGA210014)的研究成果。
关键词
教育治理
政府
学校
班级
共治
自治
元治
educational governance
government
school
class
co-governance
autonomy
meta-governance
