摘要
地震监测预警和预测预报是当前地球科学及相关学科所面临的最艰巨的问题之一,是关系到人类社会安全与国计民生的亟待攻克的科学难题。为进一步提高地震预测科学研究水平,推进地震监测预测能力建设,我国于世纪之交提出了建立地震立体观测体系的战略发展思路,并希望突破三维地球物理场获取能力瓶颈,发展地球多圈层耦合模型,通过卫星观测获取全球大地震的震例信息,以有效推进地震监测预测科学探索。地球物理卫星探测作为天基平台成为地震立体监测预测科学探索的新的重要方向。2018年2月我国首颗地球物理场卫星电磁监测试验卫星ZH1(01)成功发射入轨,并顺利通过在轨测试。针对我国电磁卫星数据处理技术接近国际并跑状态,重力卫星数据处理尚处于跟踪研究阶段,全球地磁场建模方面处于起步阶段,电离层建模技术达到国际并跑水平的问题,以及多圈层耦合的地球物理场多参量综合分析面临的科学问题。本项目开展了星载电磁场、电离层数据处理与定标校验技术、星载重力场数据处理技术、全球/区域地球物理场精细建模技术、地球物理场多参量综合分析与地震异常识别技术的研究,实现了相应算法和模块的研发,建立了全球地球物理场模型和主要地震震例特征库及样本库,构建了卫星地震监测预测应用平台,完成全球及中国强震震例积累,并在川滇地区开展地震监测预测应用示范和震情跟踪检验,示范应用取得明显成效。主要成果体现在:取得新技术3个:(1)高精度三频信标电离层反演技术;(2)VLF电波FDTD传播模型;(3)星载重力梯度数据的精细处理技术。新方法3个:(1)高精度磁场数据的优化处理方法;(2)卫星磁场扰动信号提取算法;(3)卫星多参量综合分析方法。新产品3个:(1)全球主磁场模型,成功纳入新一代全球地磁场参考模型IGRF2020.0,为全球地球物理场建模百年来首个中国模型;(2)全球三维电离层电子密度模型;(3)全球时变重力场模型。新理论1项:多源异质地震异常信息融合与异常识别。新平台1个:卫星地震监测预测应用平台。
Earthquake monitoring and prediction is one of the most difficult problems in earth science and related disciplines,and it is a scientific problem that concerns the safety of human society,national economy and people’s livelihood.In order to further improve the scientific research level of earthquake prediction and promote the construction of earthquake monitoring and prediction ability,the strategic development idea of three-dimensional seismic observation system was put forward in China at the turn of the century.It is hoped to break through the bottleneck of 3 D geophysical field acquisition ability,develop the earth multi-layer coupling model,and obtain the earthquake case information of global large earthquakes through satellite observation,so as to effectively promote the scientific exploration of earthquake monitoring and prediction.As a space-based platform,geophysical satellite exploration has become a new and important direction in the scientific exploration of three-dimensional seismic monitoring and prediction.In February 2018,China’s first geophysical field satellite,electromagnetic monitoring and experimental satellite ZH1(01)was successfully launched into orbit and passed the in-orbit test.At present,the electromagnetic satellite data processing technology and the ionospheric modeling technology in China is close to the international parallel state.However,the gravity satellite data processing is still in the tracking research stage,the global geomagnetic field modeling is in the initial stage,and the multi-parameter comprehensive analysis of geophysical field coupled by multiple layers needs to be further studied.In view of the above scientific problems,the project has carried out researches on spaceborne electromagnetic field,ionospheric data processing and calibration technology,satellite load field data processing technology,global/regional geophysical field fine modeling technology,geophysical field multi-parameter comprehensive analysis and seismic anomaly identification technology.Through research,this project implements the corresponding algorithm and the module of research and development and the global geophysical field model is established.The main characteristics of earthquake cases library and sample library construct the satellite monitoring earthquake prediction application platform,complete the global and China’s earthquake cases accumulation,and predicting earthquake monitoring application demonstration in the Sichuan-Yunnan region and earthquake track inspection,demonstrate significant results were obtained in the application.The main achievements are as follows:three new technologies have been obtained:(1)highprecision three-frequency beacon ionospheric inversion technology;(2)VLF wave FDTD propagation model;(3)fine processing technology of satellite gravity gradiometry data.Three new methods were proposed:(1)optimization processing method of high-precision magnetic field data;(2)satellite magnetic disturbance signal extraction algorithm;(3)satellite multi-parameter comprehensive analysis method.Three new products were produced:(1)global main magnetic field model.This model was successfully incorporated into IGRF2020.0,which is the first model for global geophysical field modeling in China;(2)global three-dimensional ionospheric electron density model;(3)global timevarying gravity field model.One theory have been proposed:multi-source heterogeneous seismic anomaly information fusion and anomaly recognition.A new platform is developed:satellite seismic monitoring and prediction application platform.
作者
申旭辉
黄建平
林剑
罗志才
乐会军
吴立新
张学民
崔静
Shen Xuhui;Huang Jianping;Lin Jian;Luo Zhicai;Le Huijun;Wu Lixin;Zhang Xuemin;Cui Jing(National Institute of Natural Hazards,Ministry of Emergency Management of China,Beijing 100085,China;Gravity Center,School of Physics,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Hubei Wuhan 430079,China;Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;Central South University,Hunan Changsha 410083,China;Institute of Earthquake Forecasting,China Earthquake Administration,Beijing 100036,China)
出处
《地震科学进展》
2022年第1期1-25,共25页
Progress in Earthquake Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1503501)资助。
关键词
张衡1号
地球物理探测卫星
地震预测应用
卫星数据处理分析
ZH1(01)
geophysical exploration satellite
application of earthquake prediction
satellite data processing and analysis
