摘要
孤岛状和破碎化的栖息地是限制中国东北虎种群数量恢复的关键因素之一。自然保护地是东北虎种群保护和恢复的重要承载体,通过生态廊道有效连通自然保护地是野外种群恢复的必要前提。目前,东北虎的主要栖息地是东北地区的老爷岭南部、完达山东部、张广才岭南部和小兴安岭东部4个孤立状、破碎化的分布区。本文基于“斑块一廊道一基质”景观生态学理论和“节点一网络一模块一走廊”模式的生态廊道设计理念,对东北虎自然保护地生态廊道进行了规划,具体包括4条中俄跨境生态廊道,即俄罗斯豹地公园一中国老爷岭、俄罗斯锡霍特一中国完达山、中国凤凰山一俄罗斯一中国鸟青山、俄罗斯犹太州一中国小兴安岭;4条国内跨境生态廊道,即完达山东部一完达山西部、完达山西部一老爷岭北部一张广才岭北部、小兴安岭一张广才岭北部、老爷岭南部一张广才岭南部,并提出了东北虎生态廊道建设的5条建议。东北虎自然保护地的生态廊道建设,应综合考虑东北虎的扩散和定居繁殖需求以及当地社会经济发展,寻求保护和发展的平衡点,构建完善的东北虎自然保护地体系,促进东北虎种群数量的稳定增长,实现虎与人的和谐共存。
The isolated and fragmented habitat is one of the key limiting factors to recover Amur tiger(Panthera tigris altaica)population in China.The protected areas are important carriers for the conservation and recovery of the tiger population,of which the effective connection through ecological corridors is the necessary precondition for the recovery of the tiger population.At present,the Amur tigers mainly live in four isolated and fragmented distribution areas:Southern Laoye Mountains,the eastern Wanda Mountains,the southern Zhang-Guangcai Mountains,and the eastern Lesser Khingan Mountains.Based on the landscape ecology theory of“patch-corridor-matrix”and the ecological corridor design concept of“node-net-block-corridor”,we planned the ecological corridors in the Amur tiger protected areas,including four Sino-Russian cross-border ecological corridors:Russia leopard Land Park-Laoye Mt.;Sihotalin Mt.-Wanda Mt.;Fenghuang Mt.-Russia-Niaoqing Mt.;Juwish State-Lesser Khingan Mt.;Four Domestic cross-regional ecological corridors:Eastern Wanda Mt.-Western Wanda Mt.;Western Wanda Mt.-Northern Laoye Mt.-Northern Zhang-Guangcai Mt.;Lesser Khingan Mt.-Northern Zhang-Guangcai Mt.;Southern Laoye Mt.-Southern Zhang-Guangcai Mt..We also put forward five suggestions on ecological corridor construction in the future.According to the above results,the ecological corridor construction should comprehensively considere tiger spreading and breeding ecological requirements,and local social-economic development.To seek the balance between conservation and development,it is of great importance to build a well-running protected area network to promote the tiger population's steady growth and realize the harmonious coexistence of tigers and humans.
作者
张明海
靳勇超
姜广顺
ZHANG Minghai;JIN Yongchao;JIANG Guangshun(College of Wildlife and Protected Area,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;Feline Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Harbin 150040,China)
出处
《自然保护地》
2021年第3期1-8,共8页
Natural Protected Areas
基金
国家林业和草原局科学保护和评估野生动物技术支撑项目(2021)
世界自然基金会(WWF)北京代表处资助项目(1000766)。
关键词
东北虎
自然保护地
生态廊道
空间规划
中国
Amur tiger
protected area
ecological corridor
spatial planning
China
