摘要
法律规则结构建立后,并不能完全摆脱个人意志、情绪的影响。司法裁决是三段论过程,对于作为小前提的事实问题的裁断,依赖于法官个人的内心体验。因此,法官年龄对于司法结果具有重要影响。法官年龄主要不是认知问题,而是政治主题。认知意义上对于法官年龄的注意,在政治上被充分吸收。在美国,为评估、检测候选联邦法官的政治可靠性,选定的手段之一是拉长候选人经历,提高法官初任年龄是基本做法。而由于特殊政体所导致的法官终身任职,造成联邦法官普遍高龄。这为美国司法带来许多弊病。当代中国的基本干部政策是年轻化。这避免了法官过度高龄造成的不期后果。基于比较法视野和当代中国经验,在司法改革中,如何区分普通法官和不同职务职级的法官,设定不同的任免年龄,政策设计者逐渐有了更丰富的认识。法官年龄作为一个微观制度成分,对于建立良好制度,实现内部激励等方面具有基础意义。
The structure of rules can not be completely free from the influence of the will and emotion of individuals after its establishment.Judicial adjudication is a syllogistic process,in which the adjudication of factual issues as the minor premise depends on the judge’s personal inner experience.Therefore,the age of judges has an important influence on judicial results.The age of judges is not a cognitive issue,but a theme of political governance.The attention to"people in justice"in the cognitive sense has been fully absorbed in political governance.In the US,in order to evaluate and test the political reliability of candidate federal judges,one of the selected methods is to lengthen the candidate’s experience.Therefore,raising the initial age of judges is a basic practice.In addition,the special political structure of the US determines the tenure of judges,which leads to the widespread advanced age of federal judges in the practice.This has brought many disadvantages to the US justice system.The basic cadre policy in contemporary China is rejuvenation of cadres,which can avoid the unintended consequences of the excessively advanced age of judges.Based on the perspective of comparative law and the policy experience of contemporary China,policy makers have gradually gained rich experiences in how to distinguish ordinary judges from judges of different positions and ranks,and set different appointment and removal ages in the judicial reform.As a micro institutional component,the age of judges is of fundamental significance to the establishment of a good system and the realization of internal incentives.
出处
《环球法律评论》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第6期107-123,共17页
Global Law Review
基金
2020年度国家社会科学基金一般项目“当代中国政法改革中的机构职权配置”(20BFX032)的研究成果。
