摘要
目的:通过干预前后的测试比较,探讨运动损伤预防训练对短跑运动员下肢生物力学参数和肌肉共激活特征的影响。方法:将26名短跑运动员随机抽签分配到实验组和对照组,实验组进行为期8周(每周3次)的训练干预,对照组则进行日常训练,通过单因素协方差分析比较两组干预后生物力学测试和肌电测试指标的变化情况。结果:干预后,实验组足与地面接触时刻膝内收角度、最大碰撞时刻膝内收和屈曲角度、最大膝屈角时刻髋和膝屈曲角度以及膝内收角度均显著大于对照组(P≤0.05),但垂直方向的地面反作用力显著小于对照组(P=0.04);肌电测试中,一个完整单步内膝关节共激活比值实验组显著大于对照组(P=0.04)。结论:包括快速伸缩复合、特定的下肢力量、速度与灵敏、平衡与稳定性练习模块的8周运动损伤预防训练,能使短跑运动员膝关节、踝关节激活模式和下肢生物力学的合理性得到一定程度的改善和提高。
Objectives:The effects of sports injury prevention training on lower limb biomechan‐ics and muscle co-activation characteristics of sprinters were investigated through the tests be‐fore and after training intervention.Methods:Twenty-six sprinters were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group.The experimental group received training inter‐vention for 8 weeks(3 times a week),while the control group received training according to the daily training schedule.Changes of biomechanical test and electromyography test after interven‐tion were compared between the two groups by single factor covariance analysis.Results:After intervention,knee adduction angle at the initial contact with ground,knee adduction and flexion angle at the maximum collision time,hip and knee flexion angle at the maximum knee flexion moment and knee adduction angle in the experimental group were significantly higher than that in the control group(P≤0.05),but the ground reaction force in the vertical direction was signifi‐cantly smaller than that of the control group(P=0.04);the knee joint co-activation ratio in exper‐imental group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P=0.04).Conclusions:The 8 weeks of injury prevention training including the plyometrics,lower limb strength,speed and agility,balance and stability exercises can make a certain degree of improvement of the sprinter’s knee and ankle joint activation mode and the rationality of lower limb biomechanics.
作者
李萍
朱学强
李秀红
童理刚
LI Ping;ZHU Xueqiang;LI Xiuhong;TONG Ligang(Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,China;Shandong Sport University,Jinan 250102,China;Cangzhou Normal University,Cangzhou 061001,China;Ningbo Childhood Education College,Ningbo 315016,China)
出处
《中国体育科技》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第11期30-37,共8页
China Sport Science and Technology
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目(20YJC890013)。
