摘要
选秀女制度是清代最能体现满族特色的制度之一,以往研究多关注选秀的目的、范围和程序,以及八旗选秀与内务府选秀之间的区别等方面,借助近年来次第开放的清代宫廷档案,可以考察该制度对普通旗人女性的实际意义和影响:首先,选秀活动让每一位旗人女性都有机会来到京城、进入宫廷、面见皇帝,让她们感受到个体与宫廷、皇帝之间的联结。其次,每位秀女都有成为皇室妻妾的可能,故旗人未婚女孩享有较高的家庭地位和社会地位,这也是选秀女制度给旗人女性带来的重要影响。最后,朝廷通过选秀活动加强对旗人女性的掌控,强化其族群观念,构建其对旗人共同体的认知。
The Xiunüselection system was an important institutional basis of the Qing royal palace.In principle,both imperial consorts and palace maids were chosen from the Xiunüselection process,and the Xiunüwere all banner women.According to the Qing rules,no young girls of banner communities should get married on their own before they underwent the selection process.Hence,the Xiunüselection system had a crucial impact on the life of every banner woman.However,previous studies primarily focused on the purpose,scope,and procedures of Xiunüselection and neglected the influence of this system on the average banners women.Firstly,by reviewing three relevant archives during the 60 th year of Qianlong reign,which hitherto left unnoticed by the academic circle,this paper provides a vivid depiction of the massive scale and the specific process of Xiunüselection during the High Qing Period.What did the selection mean for the majority of ordinary banner women?On the one hand,such selection enabled every banner woman to come to the capital,enter the palace,and meet the emperor,which was an unattainable opportunity even for most banner men.During the selection process,Xiunüwas provided food,silver,and other rewards by the emperor so they could feel the connection and a sense of belongingness between individual and the royal court and the emperor.On the other hand,as every Xiunühad the potential to be the wife or concubine of the emperor,all unmarried girls enjoyed higher family and social status in the banner society,which was also an important impact of the selection system on banner women.Furthermore,the Xiunüselection event was a good opportunity for the emperors to reinforce their control over banner women.Held every three years,the selection event required thorough preparation of all royal institutions and the entire banner community.Under the command of the Ministry of Revenue,the royal court examined every unmarried banner girl every three years,which allowed the emperor to impose strict control over the population and marriage status of all banner women.The Qing emperors also inculcated ethnic consciousness into the banner women on each selection event,which included spotting signs of Hanization from their apparels and accessories and making timely ratification or emphasis their Manchu family names to strengthen their ethnic identity.
作者
毛立平
Mao Liping(The Institute of Qing History,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)
出处
《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第5期130-138,共9页
Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences
基金
中国人民大学研究品牌计划基础研究项目(19XNI006)。
关键词
选秀制度
八旗
旗人女性
族群观念
清宫档案
Xiunüselection system
Eight Banners
banner women
ethnic consciousness
archive of the Qing royal palace
