摘要
采煤废水是影响中国水环境的重要因素之一,研究其对岩溶小流域水化学特征及演化的影响,可以为流域水资源开发利用和水污染防治提供科学依据。通过数理统计、离子比例系数、Piper三线图和Gibbs图等方法,分析了扎外河流域水化学特征及主要物质来源。结果表明:矿坑水水化学类型为SO_(4)-Ca和HCO_(3)·SO_(4)-Ca·Na型,碳酸盐岩岩溶水和碳酸盐岩夹碎屑岩岩溶水水化学类型主要为HCO_(3)-Ca和HCO_(3)-Ca·Mg型,而受采煤废水影响,地表水由HCO_(3)-Ca型过渡为HCO_(3)·SO_(4)-Ca和HCO_(3)·SO_(4)-Ca·Na型。碳酸盐岩风化是研究区Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)、HCO^(-)_(3)离子的主要来源;SO^(2-)_(4)离子则主要源于煤系地层黄铁矿的氧化和碳酸盐岩地层中石膏的溶解;硅酸盐风化是Na^(+)的主要来源,岩盐的溶解和阳离子交换作用也对Na^(+)有部分贡献。因子分析进一步表明,H_(2)CO_(3)和H_(2)SO_(4)参与的碳酸盐岩风化、农业活动、硅酸盐风化和阳离子交换作用综合控制了研究区水化学特征。矿业活动不仅改变了天然水体的水化学组分,还不同程度影响了流域内岩石的风化溶解过程。
Coal mining wastewater is one of the important factors affecting water environment in China.The study of its impact on the hydro-chemical characteristics and evolution of karst small watershed can provide a scientific basis for the development and utilization of water resources and water pollution control.The hydro-chemical characteristics and material sources of Zhawai River Basin were analyzed by means of mathematical statistics,ion ratio coefficient,Piper diagram and Gibbs diagram,et al.The results show that the chemical types of mine water are SO_(4)-Ca and HCO_(3)·SO_(4)-Ca·Na type,carbonate karst water and carbonate intercalated clastic rock karst water are mainly HCO_(3)-Ca and HCO_(3)-Ca·Mg type,and affected by coal mining wastewater,the surface water changes from HCO_(3)-Ca type to HCO_(3)·SO_(4)-Ca and HCO_(3)·SO_(4)-Ca·Na type.Carbonate weathering is the main source of Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+)and HCO^(-)_(3) ions in the study area,and SO^(2-)_(4) mainly come from the oxidation of pyrite in coal measures and the dissolution of gypsum in carbonate rocks.Silicate weathering is the main source of Na^(+),and the dissolution of rock salt and cation exchange also contribute to Na^(+).Factor analysis further shows that the hydro-chemical characteristics of the study area are controlled by carbonate weathering,agricultural activities,silicate weathering and cation exchange.Mining activities not only change the Hydro-chemical composition of natural water,but also affect the weathering and dissolution process of rocks in the basin.
作者
涂春霖
马一奇
令狐昌卫
和成忠
寸得欣
TU Chun-lin;MA Yi-qi;LINGHU Chang-wei;HE Cheng-zhong;CUN De-xin(Kunming Natural Resources Comprehensive Investigation Center,China Geological Survey, Kunming 650100, China)
出处
《科学技术与工程》
北大核心
2021年第29期12470-12480,共11页
Science Technology and Engineering
基金
云南富源-贵州盘州能源矿产集中区生态修复支撑调查(DD20208075)。
关键词
扎外河流域
采煤废水
水化学类型
水化学特征
因子分析
Zhawai River Basin
coal mining wastewater
hydro-chemical type
hydro-chemical characteristics
factor analysis
