摘要
本试验旨在研究不同淀粉类型饲粮对育肥猪营养物质表观消化率、血清生化和免疫相关指标、结肠黏膜免疫状态以及食糜中主要微生物数量的影响。试验选取130日龄、健康且初始体重[(77.00±0.52)kg]相近的“杜×长×大”三元杂交阉公猪72头,按照体重随机分为3组,每组8个重复,每个重复3头猪。3组分别饲喂以木薯淀粉、玉米淀粉和豌豆淀粉为唯一淀粉源配制的饲粮,其中直链淀粉/支链淀粉值分别为0.11、0.25和0.44。试验预试期4 d,正试期42 d。结果表明:1)与木薯淀粉组相比,豌豆淀粉组育肥猪对饲粮中粗蛋白质的表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05);2)与木薯淀粉组相比,豌豆淀粉组育肥猪血清中尿素氮、葡萄糖、甘油三酯和总胆固醇浓度显著降低(P<0.05);3)与木薯淀粉组相比,豌豆淀粉组育肥猪结肠食糜中潜在致病菌大肠杆菌的数量显著减少(P<0.05),而有益菌乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌和普雷沃氏菌属的数量显著增加(P<0.05);4)与木薯淀粉相比,豌豆淀粉通过减弱结肠黏膜中Toll样受体4(TLR4)-髓样分化因子88(MyD88)-核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)信号通路的激活,进而下调促炎细胞因子干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)的mRNA相对表达量(P<0.05),上调抗炎因子白细胞介素-10(IL-10)和屏障功能相关基因[闭锁小带蛋白-1(ZO-1)和封闭蛋白-2(claudin-2)]的mRNA相对表达量(P<0.05),提高结肠黏膜中IL-10、分泌型免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)和免疫球蛋白G(IgG)的浓度(P<0.05),同时提高血清中IL-10和免疫球蛋白A(IgA)的浓度(P<0.05),降低血清中白细胞介素-8(IL-8)和IFN-γ的浓度(P<0.05)。综上所述,在本试验条件下,给育肥猪饲喂豌豆淀粉饲粮可提高其对粗蛋白质的表观消化率,调控机体与氮代谢、糖代谢及脂代谢相关的血清生化指标,改变结肠食糜中微生物的组成,促进部分有益菌的增殖,降低潜在致病菌生长,提高结肠黏膜和系统免疫功能,提示摄食含有高直链的淀粉对维系整个机体的健康具有益生作用。
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different starch type diets on nutrient apparent digestibility,serum biochemical and immune-related indices,colonic mucosal immune status and the number of main microorganisms in colonic digesta of finishing pigs. Seventy-two healthy Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire crossbred barrows of 130-day-old with similar initial body weight of(77.00±0.52)kg were randomly divided into 3 groups with 8 replicates per group and 3 pigs per replicate. The pigs in the three groups were fed diets which were formulated with tapioca starch,corn starch and pea starch as the only starch source,and the amylose to amylopectin ratio was 0.11,0.25 and 0.44,respectively. The pre-trial period lasted for 4 days,and the trial period lasted for42 days. The results showed as follows:1)compared with the tapioca starch group,the apparent digestibility of dietary crude protein of finishing pigs in the pea starch group was significantly increased(P<0.05). 2)Compared with the tapioca starch group,the serum concentrations of urea nitrogen,glucose,triglyceride and total cholesterol of finishing pigs in the pea starch group were significantly decreased(P<0.05). 3)Compared with the tapioca starch group,the number of potential pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli in colonic digesta of finishing pigs in the pea starch group was significantly decreased(P<0.05),while the number of beneficial bacteria Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium and Prevotella was significantly increased(P<0.05). 4)Compared with the tapioca starch,the pea starch down-regulated the mRNA relative expression level of pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon-γ (IFN-γ)by reducing the activation of Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)-myeloid differentiation factor 88(MyD88)-nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)signaling pathway in colon mucosa(P<0.05),upregulated the mRNA relative expression levels of anti-inflammatory factor interleukin-10(IL-10)and barrier function related genes[zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)and claudin-2](P<0.05),increased the concentrations of IL-10,secretory immunoglobulin A(sIgA)and immunoglobulin G(IgG)in colonic mucosa(P<0.05),increased the concentrations of IL-10 and immunoglobulin A(IgA)in serum(P<0.05),and decreased the concentrations of interleukin-8(IL-8)and IFN-γin serum(P<0.05). To sum up,in these experimental conditions,dietary pea starch can improve the apparent digestibility of crude protein,regulate the serum biochemical indices related to nitrogen metabolism,glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism,change the composition of microorganism in colonic digesta,promote some beneficial bacteria proliferation,reduce potential pathogenic bacteria growth,and enhance the immune function of colonic mucosa and system of finishing pigs. It is suggested that the intake of starch with high amylose has a probiotic effect on maintaining the health of the whole body.
作者
余苗
李贞明
崔艺燕
容庭
刘志昌
田志梅
马新燕
李家洲
马现永
YU Miao;LI Zhenming;CUI Yiyan;RONG Ting;LIU Zhichang;TIAN Zhimei;MA Xinyan;LI Jiazhou;MA Xianyong(Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition,State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China,Ministry of Agriculture,Institute of Animal Science,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,China;Maoming Branch,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,Maoming 525000,China)
出处
《动物营养学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第10期5519-5533,共15页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31902200)
广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2021A1515012120,2019B1515210032)
广东省现代农业产业技术体系饲料创新团队项目(2020KJ115)
广东省农业科学院农业优势产业科学团队建设项目(202118TD)
科技创新战略专项资金(高水平农科院建设)--优秀博士(R2020YJ-YB2002)
金颖之光(R2017YJ-JG0001)。
关键词
淀粉类型
表观消化率
血清生化指标
微生物
免疫功能
育肥猪
starch types
apparent digestibility
serum biochemical indices
microorganism
immune function
finishing pigs
