摘要
在提振经济与恢复社会发展、实现国家教育战略计划、建立高水准的教师队伍等驱动力作用下,柬埔寨政府于2015年启动了旨在实现公立学校自治的"新一代学校"改革,并于2016年出台了官方政策作为法律保障。改革重点体现在四个方面,一为实现学校体制改革,采取了赋权与问责并行的管理方式;二为推动教师改革,构建了能力与质量并重的教师专业化发展制度;三为促进课程改革,打造了高标准、国际化的学科与教学体系;四为加强学习环境改革,创设了信息化的现代校园。在实践中,"新一代学校"重视发展多元主体参与学校管理的伙伴关系,通过加大评估认证力度甄选新时代全面型教师,开发定制化教学方案以培养学生21世纪技能,取得了不断扩大办学规模、有效提升学生学业成绩和综合素养、家长满意度逐年提高等良好效果。然而,在政策落实过程中,如何缓解对学校大量经费投入引发的社会矛盾、教师能否适应数字化改革带来的全新要求、学校的可持续发展能否经受住考验等是改革面临的现实挑战。学校在改制过程中将投资与绩效挂钩,执行严格的认证标准和透明的问责制,致力于输出高标准的教育资源,重视向学校和家长提供优质服务等,同时注重吸纳社会办学力量,通过在一些经济发达地区和城市实行试点办学,树立起了优质公立学校的典范,并将其成果进行复制与拓展,为我国推进基础教育体制改革提供了有益的经验借鉴。
Under the driving forces of economy and social development, realizing the national education strategic plan, and building a high standard of teachers, the Cambodian government launched the "New Generation School Reform" in 2015 and issued an official policy in 2016.The reform focuses on four aspects. First, it adopted the management mode of empowerment and accountability. Second, the system of professional development of teachers has been established. Third, it has created a international standard curriculum system;Fourth, a modern campus was established. In practice, NGS attaches great importance to the school management partnership, through strengthening assessment certification of teacher, to cultivate students’ skills in the 21 st century, has realized a higher education qualify, student’s better performance and parents satisfaction etc. However, how to ease the social contradictions caused by the large amount of investment, whether teachers can adapt to the digital requirements, and whether the sustainable development can undergo are all the challenges.NGS has provided useful experience for us, the restructuring process, the strict certification standards, the high standards of education resources, and the school and parents to provide quality services, etc.We should absorb the society forces to run pilot schools in some developed areas and the city, set up a model of high quality public schools to promote the basic education system reform.
作者
尹雅丽
马早明
YIN Yali;MA Zaoming(School of Education,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510631,China;School of Foreign Languages,Gannan Normal University,Ganzhou 341000,China;Center for East Timor Studies,South China Normal University,Ministry of Education/Southeast Asian Cultural and Educational Research Center of the National Civil Affairs Commission,Guangzhou 510631,China)
出处
《比较教育学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第4期31-46,共16页
Journal of Comparative Education
基金
江西省教育科学“十三五”规划项目“乡村振兴背景下赣南乡村教师队伍激励机制政策实施追踪研究”(项目编号:20YB181)。
关键词
柬埔寨
新一代学校
公立学校
中小学
改革
Cambodia
new generation school
public schools
primary and secondary schools
reform
