摘要
为了解晋南苹果园养分管理现状和土壤养分状况,采用实地调研和查阅文献相结合的方式,对万荣县苹果种植区的125个果园展开调研,并分析其土壤养分含量。结果表明,万荣县苹果园氮、磷、钾肥投入过量现象较为严重,养分平均施用量为N 443.85 kg/hm^(2)、P2O5360.82 kg/hm^(2)、K2O 395.45 kg/hm^(2),变化区间为N 175.85~263.55 kg/hm^(2)、P2O5106.92~213.48 kg/hm^(2)、K2O 132.98~272.15 kg/hm^(2),N∶P2O5∶K2O为1∶0.81∶0.89;乡镇之间基追肥投入量差异大,氮磷钾投入比例不科学;农户重视施用有机肥,施用占比为95.2%;传统有机肥、商品有机肥和生物有机肥三者占比分别为48.8%、27.2%和17.6%;有机肥与化肥配施农户占比87.2%,有机肥化肥配施是当地主导施肥措施。晋南果园0~30 cm土壤养分状况为:有机质平均含量12.41 g/kg,pH值8.48,全氮0.80 g/kg、硝态氮22.81 mg/kg、有效磷31.93 mg/kg、速效钾262.51 mg/kg;土壤有机质含量中等偏低,全氮、有效磷含量适中,硝态氮含量较低,速效钾含量处于极高水平。相关分析表明,苹果单产与土壤有机质、土壤全氮、氮肥投入量、磷肥投入量显著正相关。万荣县苹果园应加强有机肥化肥配施措施,增施有机肥,使其替代部分化肥,减少氮磷钾肥投入;适当调整氮磷钾施肥比例,平衡施肥;增施中、微量营养元素,实现果园养分资源科学管理。
In current study,we investigated fertilization status and analyzed soil nutrient content of 125 apple orchards in the main apple-growing areas of Wanrong county by the combined method of field survey and literature review.The objective of this study was to serve as a scientific guidance for future work aimed at nutrient resources scientific management of Wanrong apple orchards.The result showed that excessive application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers was very common in apple orchards of Wanrong county.The average application rates of N,P2O5 and K2O fertilizers in apple orchard were 443.85,360.82,395.45 kg/hm^(2),respectively.The ratio of N,P2O5 and K2O was 1∶0.81∶0.89.There were big differences in base fertilizer input and topdressing fertilizer input among towns,and the input ratio of N,P2O5 and K2O were unscientific.95.2%of farmers attached importance to the application of organic fertilizer.The three main organic fertilizers,traditional,commercial and biological organic fertilizer,accounted for 48.8%,27.2%and 17.6%,respectively.The soil nutrient contents of apple orchard in top 30 cm soil layers were organic matter 12.41 g/kg,pH value 8.48,total nitrogen 0.80 g/kg,nitrate nitrogen 22.81 mg/kg,available phosphorus 31.93 mg/kg and available potassium 262.51 mg/kg.And the soil organic matter content was middle or slightly low,total nitrogen and available phosphorus content were moderate,the nitrate nitrogen content was low,and the available potassium content was at a high or excessive level.Correlation analysis showed apple unit area yield and soil organic matter,soil total nitrogen,nitrogen fertilizer input,phosphorus fertilizer input was positively correlated.In conclusion,we should increase the application of organic fertilizers,reduce nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium input,and rationally proportion the nutrients of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium to scientifically manage the nutrients of the apple orchard in Wanrong county.
作者
郭军玲
杨治平
程滨
张建杰
黄高鉴
金辉
GUO Junling;YANG Zhiping;CHENG Bin;ZHANG Jianjie;HUANG Gaojian;JIN Hui(College of Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030031,China;Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources in Shanxi Province,Taiyuan 030031,China;College of Agricultural Economics&Management,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030006,China)
出处
《山西农业科学》
2021年第8期957-964,共8页
Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences
基金
山西省农业科学院农业科技大数据平台专项(YCX2019SJ10)
山西省农业科学院应用基础研究计划优秀青年基金项目(YCX2020YQ20)。
关键词
苹果园
施肥现状
土壤养分
万荣县
apple orchard
fertilization status
soil nutrients
Wanrong county
