摘要
筛分是谷物联合收获作业的关键工序,筛分装置的作业质量直接影响联合收获机的作业性能。现有筛分装置性能可基本满足谷物收获作业要求,但鉴于农业物料的多样性、作业环境的多变且不可控性以及谷物联合收获机的高速作业性,在进行筛分时由于物料喂入量增大和物料含水率的升高,从而产生物料堵塞筛孔、潮湿物料粘附筛体、物料流动性差、筛分效率低等问题。本文以筛体结构和筛体驱动机构为切入点,概述谷物筛分装置的研究现状和研究方法,从不同领域筛分技术的借鉴与互补以及筛分装置高效化、智能化、信息化的发展角度出发,指出谷物筛分装置技术的发展趋势,为我国谷物筛分技术研究和筛分装置的创新设计提供参考。
Screening is one of the critical processes of grain harvesting.The performance of the combine harvester is directly affected by the operating quality of the screening device.The performance of the screening devices can meet the basic requirements of grain harvesting.However,the development of screening technology was affected by some factors,for example,the diversity of agricultural materials,the complexity of the operating environment,and the requirements for agricultural machinery of having the capability of high-speed operation,which resulted in the increase of the throughput and the irregular change of the moisture content.And the difficulty of high-quality-efficient screening would be increased.Screen structure and its driving mechanism were the critical parts of the screening device.The motion of particles on the screen,such as slipping,being thrown upwards,static,and so on,was affected by the shape of the screen,the configuration of the screen hole,the screen material,and other factors.And the performance of the screening device would be affected.The driving mechanism of the screen could achieve the multi-dimensional motion of the screen.The reasonable motion of the screen could accomplish the rapid dispersion of the materials on the screen for penetrating the screen holes efficiently.And the screening efficiency of the device could be improved.The screening technology's key idea was to solve the contradiction among the screening efficiency,loss percentage of grains,and the impurity percentage of grains.In other words,the grains should penetrate the screen holes efficiently,and the materials other than grains should not penetrate the screen holes but discharge from the device.The purpose of screening was to recover of the full-value grains to ensure the economic value of the grains.These problems were considered,such as particles blocking screen holes,low screening efficiency of devices in a high-throughput,poor fluidity of particles,and wet particles adhering to the screen surface.The research status of screening devices applying to grain was investigated based on the screen's structure and its driving mechanism.The reference and supplement of grain screening technology,and the efficient and intelligent development of screening devices were discussed.A reference was provided for the research of the grain screening technology and the design of the innovative device in China.
作者
王立军
宋良来
冯鑫
王后升
李懿航
WANG Lijun;SONG Lianglai;FENG Xin;WANG Housheng;LI Yihang(College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China)
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第6期1-17,共17页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52075091)。
关键词
谷物联合收获机
筛分装置
筛体结构
筛体驱动机构
综述
grain combine harvester
screening device
structure of sieve
mechanism of sieve driven
literuture review
