摘要
【目的】为内蒙古地区宜机械粒收玉米品种评价提供数据支持及生产上宜机械粒收玉米品种选择和适时收获提供参考。【方法】以极早熟、早熟、中早熟、中熟、中晚熟、晚熟6个熟期组代表玉米品种为试验材料,在内蒙古7个玉米种植区域同步开展机械粒收性状研究,于生理成熟,生理成熟后10、20、30 d 4个收获时间,测定植株倒伏倒折率、籽粒含水率以及籽粒破碎率、籽粒破损率、杂质率;利用内蒙古各区域鉴选的宜机械粒收品种进行60000、75000、90000、105000株/hm^(2)4个密度梯度下的产量比较。【结果】植株倒伏倒折率随生理成熟后天数的增加呈上升趋势;籽粒含水率和脱水速率随生理成熟后天数的增加呈下降趋势;籽粒破碎率、籽粒破损率、杂质率均随生理成熟后天数的增加而降低。籽粒破碎率、籽粒破损率、杂质率与籽粒含水率均呈一元二次曲线关系,当籽粒含水率依次为16.1%、17.0%和15.6%时,籽粒破碎率、籽粒破损率、杂质率最小,分别为1.3%、1.1%和0.6%。脱水速率与日平均气温呈一元二次曲线关系,当日平均气温在0~5℃时,脱水缓慢,日脱水0.197~0.211个百分点,从生理成熟到籽粒含水率降至25.0%时所需的积温为100~200℃。各区域宜机械粒收品种的适宜种植密度为90000株/hm^(2)。【结论】明确了宜机械粒收玉米评价指标:收获期植株倒伏倒折率≤5.0%、籽粒含水率≤25.0%、籽粒破碎率≤5.0%、籽粒破损率≤2.0%、杂质率≤1.1%、产量损失率≤5.0%,适宜收获期为生理成熟后10~20 d,适宜种植密度为90000株/hm^(2)。
【Objective】To provide data support for the evaluation of maize varieties suitable for mechanical grain harvest in Inner Mongolia,and to provide a reference for maize variety selection and timely harvest.【Methods】In the experiment,the representative maize varieties of extremely early,early,middle early,middle,middle late,and late maturity groups were used as experimental materials,and the mechanical grain harvest characters were studied in seven maize planting areas in Inner Mongolia. At physiological maturity,10,20 and 30 days after physiological maturity,the plant lodging rate,grain moisture content,grain breakage rate,grain fragmentation rate,impurity rate,and other indicators were measured. The yield of 60 000,75 000,90 000 and 105 000 plants/hm^(2) were compared by using the varieties suitable for mechanical grain harvest in Inner Mongolia.【Results】The plant lodging rate showed increasing trend with the increase of the number of days after physiological maturity. Grain moisture content and dehydration rate showed decreasing trend with the increase of the number of days after physiological maturity. The grain breakage rate,grain fragmentation rate and impurity rate decreased with the increase of the number of days after physiological maturity. The relationship between grain breakage rate,grain fragmentation rate, impurity rate and grain moisture content was unary quadratic curve. When the grain moisture content was 16.1%,17.0% and 15.6%,the corresponding grain breakage rate,grain fragmentation rate and impurity rate were the lowest,which were 1.3%,1.1% and 0.6% respectively. The relationship between dehydration rate and daily average temperature was a unary quadratic curve,when the daily average temperature was 0-5 ℃,the dehydration was slow,and the daily dehydration was 0.197-0.211 percentage points. The accumulated temperature from physiological maturity to grain moisture content reduced to 25.0% was 100-200 ℃. The suitable planting density of the varieties suitable for mechanical grain harvest in each region was 90 000 plants/hm^(2).【Conclusion】The evaluation index of maize suitable for mechanical grain harvest as follows:The suitable planting density was 90 000 plants/hm^(2),and during the harvest,the suitable harvesting time was 10-20 days after physiological maturity with plant lodging rate≤5.0%,grain moisture content≤25.0%,grain breakage rate≤5.0%,grain fragmentation rate≤2.0%,impurity rate≤1.1%,yield loss rate≤5.0%.
作者
石海波
赵瑞霞
梁红伟
侯旭光
孟繁盛
王春雷
李惠智
张鹏
王艺煊
李文霞
SHI Haibo;ZHAO Ruixia;LIANG Hongwei;HOU Xuguang;MENG Fansheng;WANG Chunlei;LI Huizhi;ZHANG Peng;WANG Yixuan;LI Wenxia(Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;Chifeng Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Chifeng 024031,China;Tongliao Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Tongliao 028015,China;Hulun Buir Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Zalantun 162650,China;Hinggan League Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Service Center,Ulanhot 137400,China;Bayannur Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Linhe 015400,China;Baotou Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Baotou 014013,China)
出处
《北方农业学报》
2021年第2期1-10,共10页
Journal of Northern Agriculture
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300801)
内蒙古自治区自然科学基金面上项目[2016MS(LH)0304]
内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2020GG0136)。
关键词
玉米
机械粒收
籽粒含水率
收获质量
适宜粒收期
Maize
Mechanical grain harvest
Grain moisture content
Harvest quality
Suitable mechanical grain harvest period
