摘要
经济社会的高速发展使得公众的安全感需求与日俱增,适当犯罪化成为刑法积极应对社会风险的必要之举。犯罪化路径选择须注重立法犯罪化与司法犯罪化的合理调适,在严守罪刑法定原则的基础上兼顾权力配置的合理性,细分两种路径的针对性以及刑法解释技术的差异性,斟酌二者在成本与效率上的区别,正确审视法益的内在机能与象征性刑法的实际影响。鉴于司法及时性与立法稳定性之间的固有紧张,刑法与部分社会需求张力的弥合难以舍弃由司法犯罪化到立法犯罪化的转变,这在《刑法修正案(十一)》中得到较为全面的展现。正确选择犯罪化的路径应坚持以下四条位阶性规则:对不具刑事制裁必要性的行为,基于刑法最后性与谦抑性给予除罪化处理;对符合刑法相应罪名构成要件的行为,应善用解释技术通过司法犯罪化予以规制;对难以被刑法既有罪名涵摄,但具备规制必要性的行为,通过刑法修正予以立法犯罪化;对司法犯罪化脱离罪刑法定原则的现象,应及时运用立法犯罪化手段予以匡正。
With the rapid development of economy and society,the public’s demand on sense of security increases day by day,so appropriate criminalization has become necessary for the criminal law to actively respond to social risks.The choice of criminalization method should emphasize on the reasonable adjustment of legislative criminalization and judicial criminalization,taking into account the rationality of power allocation on the basis of strictly observing the principle of legality,subdividing the pertinence of the two methods and the their differences in criminal law interpretation techniques,considering the their differences in cost and efficiency,thus to correctly review the internal function of legal interests and the actual impact of symbolic criminal law.In view of the inherent tension between judicial timeliness and legislative stability,it is difficult to abandon the transition from judicial criminalization to legislative criminalization when bridging the tension between criminal law and some social needs,which is more comprehensively shown in the“Criminal Law Amendment(11)”.The correct choice of criminalization method should adhere to the following four hierarchical rules:for acts that are not necessary for criminal sanctions,decriminalization should be chosen based on the finality and the modesty of the criminal law;for acts that meet the requirements of the criminal law should be regulated through judicial criminalization by making good use of interpretation techniques;for acts that are difficult to be defined by the existing criminal law but are necessary for regulation,they should be criminalized through criminal law amendments;the phenomenon of judicial criminalization separating from the principle of legality should be corrected in time by means of legislative criminalization.
作者
曹波
方雅琦
CAO Bo;FANG Yaqi(College of Law,Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou,China,550025)
出处
《贵州大学学报（社会科学版）》
2021年第3期67-78,122,共13页
Journal of Guizhou University(Social Sciences)
基金
贵州省教育厅高校人文社会科学研究“贵州生态产业与乡村振兴问题研究”(2018jd013)
中国博士后科学基金第67批面上资助项目“刑事治理现代化内在逻辑与推出路径研究”(2020M67329)。
关键词
犯罪化路径
司法犯罪化
立法犯罪化
罪刑法定原则
《刑法修正案(十一)》
criminalization method
judicial criminalization
legislative criminalization
principle of legality
“Criminal Law Amendment(11)”
