摘要
本试验旨在研究枯草芽孢杆菌与地衣芽孢杆菌单独饲喂与联合饲喂对断奶山羊生长性能、腹泻率、血清生化指标以及粪便菌群的影响。选取60只3月龄海门山羊,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复5只羊。对照组(C组)饲喂基础饲粮;枯草芽孢杆菌组(BS组)饲喂基础饲粮+400 mg/kg的枯草芽孢杆菌(有效活菌数为1×10^(11) CFU/g);地衣芽孢杆菌组(BL组)饲喂基础饲粮+400 mg/kg的地衣芽孢杆菌(有效活菌数为1×10^(11) CFU/g);联合饲喂组(BS_BL组)饲喂基础饲粮+400 mg/kg的枯草芽孢杆菌+400 mg/kg的地衣芽孢杆菌(有效活菌数为1×10^(11) CFU/g)。预试期10 d,正试期30 d。结果表明:1)试验第10天,BS_BL组断奶山羊的体重极显著高于C组、BS组与BL组(P<0.01);试验第30天,C组、BS组、BL组与BS_BL组的断奶山羊的体重无显著差异(P>0.05);试验第1~10天,BS_BL组的平均日增重(ADG)极显著高于C组、BS组与BL组(P<0.01);试验第21~30天,BL组与BS_BL组的ADG极显著高于C组与BS组(P<0.01);试验第1~30天,试验组与C组的ADG无显著差异(P>0.05);试验第21~30天,BS_BL组的平均日采食量(ADFI)极显著高于C组、BS组与BL组(P<0.01);试验第1~30天,BS_BL组的ADFI显著高于C组、BS组与BL组(P<0.05);试验第1~30天,试验组与C组的料重比(F/G)差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)试验第1~10天、第11~20天,BS组、BL组与BS_BL组的腹泻率显著低于C组(P<0.05);第1~30天,BS_BL组的腹泻率显著低于C组(P<0.05)。3)试验第30天,BS组的血清葡萄糖(GLU)含量、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性显著低于C组(P<0.05),血清谷草转氨酶(AST)活性和白蛋白(ALB)含量极显著低于C组(P<0.01);BL组血清尿素氮(UN)含量显著高于C组(P<0.05),BS_BL组血清AST活性和GLU含量显著低于C组(P<0.05)。4)粪便进行16S rDNA测序发现,Chao1和observed-species指数显示BS_BL组所含物种数目较多,Shannon和Simpson指数显示BS_BL组多样性高。C组细菌的优势菌门为变形菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门;BS组细菌的优势菌门为放线菌门、变形菌门、拟杆菌门;BL组细菌的优势菌门为拟杆菌门、变形菌门、浮霉菌门;BS_BL组细菌的优势菌门为拟杆菌门、变形菌门、厚壁菌门。C组细菌的优势菌属为堆囊菌属、土地杆菌属、球孢菌属;BS组细菌的优势菌属为野野村菌属、嗜红杆菌属、堆囊菌属;BL组细菌的优势菌属为副足杆菌属、野野村菌属、扁平菌属;BS_BL组细菌的优势菌属为Marinilabiliaceae_unclassified、假单胞菌属、Clostridiales_vadinBB60_group_unclassified。综上所述,枯草芽孢杆菌与地衣芽孢杆菌联合饲喂能显著提高断奶山羊的生长性能,降低腹泻率,改善血清生化指标,改变粪便菌群的多样性以及丰富度。
This experiment aimed at exploring the effects of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis feeding alone and combined on the growth performance,diarrhea rate,serum biochemical indexes and fecal microflora of weaned goats.Sixty 3-month-old Haimen goats were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates in each group and 5 goats in each replicate.Control group(C group)was fed a basal diet;Bacillus subtilis group(BS group)was fed the basal diet+400 mg/kg of Bacillus subtilis(effective bacteria number was 1×10^(11) CFU/g);Bacillus licheniformis group(BL group)was fed the basal diet+400 mg/kg of Bacillus licheniformis(effective bacteria count was 1×10^(11) CFU/g);BS_BL group(combined group)was fed the basic diet+400 mg/kg of Bacillus subtilis+400 mg/kg of Bacillus licheniformis(effective bacteria number was 1×10^(11) CFU/g).The pre-feeding period lasted for 10 d and the experimental period lasted for 30 d.The results showed as follows:1)on day 10 of the experiment,the weight of weaned goats in the BS_BL group was significantly higher than that in the C,BS and BL groups(P<0.01);on day 30,there was no significant difference in the weight of weaned goats among the C,BS,BL and BS_BL groups(P>0.05);on days 1 to 30,the average daily gain(ADG)in the BS_BL group was significantly higher than that in the C,BS and BL groups(P<0.01);on days 21 to 30 of the experiment,the ADG in the BL and the BS_BL groups was significantly higher than that in the C and BS groups(P<0.01);on days 1 to 30,there were no significant difference in ADG between experimental groups and C group(P>0.05);the average daily feed intake(ADFI)in the BS_BL group was significantly higher than that in the C,BS and BL groups on days 21 to 30 of the experiment(P<0.01);the ADFI in the BS_BL group was significantly higher than that in the C,BS and BL groups on days 1 to 30 of the experiment(P<0.05);on days 1 to 30 of the experiment,the feed to gain ratio(F/G)had no significant difference among groups(P>0.05).2)Compared with C group,the diarrhea rate in BS,BL and BS_BL groups was significantly reduced on days 1 to 10 and days 11 to 20 of the experiment(P<0.05),and the diarrhea rate in BS_BL group was significantly reduced on days 1 to 30 of the experiment(P<0.05).3)Compared with C group,on day 30 of the experiment,the activities of alkaline phosphatase(ALP)and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)and the content of glucose(GLU)in serum in the BS group were significantly reduced(P<0.05),the activity of aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and the content of albumin(ALB)in serum were extremely significantly reduced(P<0.01),the content of urea nitrogen(UN)in serum in the BL group was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the activity of AST and the content of GLU in serum in the BS_BL group were significantly reduced(P<0.05).4)The 16S rDNA sequencing of feces found that Chao 1 and observed-species indexes showed that the BS_BL group contained more species,and the Shannon and Simpson indexes showed that the BS_BL group had higher diversity.The dominant phyla of bacteria in C group were Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria;the dominant phyla of bacteria in BS group were Actinobacteria,Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes;the dominant phyla of bacteria in BL group were Bacteroidetes,Proteobacteria and Planctomycetes;the dominant phyla of bacteria in BS_BL group were Bacteroidetes,Proteobacteria and Firmicutes.The dominant genus of bacteria in C group were Sorangium,Pedobacter and Sphaerimonospora;the dominant genus of bacteria in BS group were Nonomuraea,Altererythrobacte and Sorangium;the dominant genus in the BL group belonged to Parapedobacter,Nonomuraea and Planctomicrobium;the dominant genus of bacteria in BS_BL group were Marinelabiliaceae_unclassified,Pseudomonas,Clostridiales_vadinBB60_group_unclassified.In summary,the combined feeding of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis can significantly improve the growth performance of weaned goats,reduce the rate of diarrhea,improve serum biochemical indexes,and change the diversity and abundance of fecal microflora.
作者
卢佳伟
王金刚
高琴
刘孜斐
陈姿利
黄群浩
张艳丽
王锋
LU Jiawei;WANG Jingang;GAO Qin;LIU Zifei;CHEN Zili;HUANG Qunhao;ZHANG Yanli;WANG Feng(College of Animal Science and Technology,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;Research of Haimen Goats,Nanjing Agricultural University,Haimen 216121,China;Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station of Haimen District,Nantong City,Nantong 226100,China)
出处
《动物营养学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第5期2752-2764,共13页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0501901)
江苏现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(JATS[2020]427)。
关键词
益生菌
断奶山羊
生长性能
血清生化指标
粪便菌群
probiotics
weaned goats
growth performance
serum biochemical indexes
fecal microflora
