摘要
目的探讨医院细菌性痢疾流行病学特征及其影响因素。方法采用单纯随机抽样方法抽取2017年4月至2019年10月于北京积水潭医院就诊的细菌性痢疾患者纳入痢疾组,调查分析细菌性痢疾的流行病学特征,同时选取该院同期健康体检者172例纳入对照组,分析细菌性痢疾发生的相关影响因素,并对研究结果进行描述分析。结果172例细菌性痢疾患者中,男91例,女81例,50.58%的患者发病年龄19~40岁,68.02%的患者发病于7―9月,福氏志贺菌占62.21%,50.00%的患者发病第1天就诊,100%的患者出现腹泻、大便性状改变,95.35%的患者出现腹痛,76.16%的患者出现发热;痢疾组常食用生冷食品、常食用海产品、发病前1周接触腹泻病例、无独立卫生间、常在外就餐、常食用剩饭菜、仅水冲洗手、居住环境潮湿、长期处于人口流动量大的场所患者占比均显著高于对照组(均P<0.05),常饭前洗手、常便后洗手、用肥皂或洗手液洗手、经常晒太阳人群占比均显著低于对照组(均P<0.05);常食用生冷食品(OR=3.971)、常食用海产品(OR=2.176)、发病前1周接触腹泻病例(OR=3.666)、常在外就餐(OR=3.218)、常食用剩饭菜(OR=5.046)、居住环境潮湿(OR=3.454)、长期处于人口流动量大的场所(OR=4.247)均为细菌性痢疾发生的相关危险因素(均P<0.05),常饭前洗手(OR=0.312)、常便后洗手(OR=0.475)、用肥皂(OR=0.254)或洗手液(OR=0.371)洗手、经常晒太阳(OR=0.469)均为细菌性痢疾发生的相关保护因素(均P<0.05)。结论细菌性痢疾临床表现复杂多样,高发年龄为19~40岁,多发生于7―9月,常食用生冷食品、常食用海产品、发病前1周接触腹泻病例、常在外就餐、常食用剩饭菜、居住环境潮湿、长期处于人口流动量大的场所均为细菌性痢疾发生的相关危险因素,常饭前洗手、常便后洗手、用肥皂或洗手液洗手、经常晒太阳均为细菌性痢疾发生的相关保护因素。
Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of bacillary dysentery in hospital.Method Patients with bacillary dysentery who were treated in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from April 2017 to October 2019 were selected by using a simple random sampling method as bacillary dysentery group,investigated and analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of bacillary dysentery.At the same time,172 cases who underwent health examination in the same period in that hospital were selected and included in control group,the related influencing factors of bacillary dysentery were analyzed,and the research results were described and analyzed.Result There were 91 males and 81 females in 172 cases of bacillary dysentery,the age of onset of 50.58%patients was 19 to 40 years old,68.02%of patients were onset from July to September,and shigella flexneri accounted for 62.21%,50.00%of patients visited the clinic on the first day of onset,100%of patients had diarrhea and changes in stool characteristics,95.35%of patients had abdominal pain,76.16%of patients had fever;the proportion of people who often consumed cold food,seafood,exposed to diarrhea cases 1 week before onset,no independent toilet,ate out,ate leftovers,washed hands only with water,lived in a humid environment,and had been in a place with a large population for a long time in dysentery group were higher than those in control group(all P<0.05),the proportion of people who washed hands before meals,washed hands after washing,washed hands with soap or liquid soap,exposed to the sun were lower than those in control group(all P<0.05);consumption of raw cold food(OR=3.971),consumption of seafood(OR=2.176),esposed to diarrhea cases 1 week before onset(OR=3.666),ate out(OR=3.218),ate leftovers(OR=5.046),humid living environment(OR=3.454),long-term places with large population movement(OR=4.247)were the relevant risk factors for bacillary dysentery(all P<0.05),washed hands before meals(OR=0.312),washed hands after using stools(OR=0.475),washed hands with soap(OR=0.254)or hand sanitizer(OR=0.371),and regular sun exposure(OR=0.469)were related protective factors for bacillary dysentery(all P<0.05).Conclusion The clinical manifestations of bacillary dysentery are complex and diverse,the age of high incidence of bacillary dysentery is 19 to 40 years old,most of which occur in July to September,consuming cold foods,seafoods,contact with diarrhea cases 1 week before onset,eating out,eating leftovers,living in a humid environment,and being in a place with large population flow for a long time are the relevant risk factors for bacillary dysentery,hand washing before meals,after defecation,with soap or hand sanitizer,and frequent sun exposure are the related protective factors of bacillary dysentery.
作者
王燕
孙成栋
白爱华
Wang Yan;Sun Chengdong;Bai Aihua(Department of Infectious Diseases,Jishuitan Hospital,Beijing 100035,China)
出处
《中国医学前沿杂志（电子版）》
2021年第5期84-88,共5页
Chinese Journal of the Frontiers of Medical Science(Electronic Version)
关键词
细菌性痢疾
流行病学特征
因素分析
统计学
Bacillary dysentery
Epidemiological characteristics
Factor analysis
Statistics
