摘要
Chemical tools play essential roles in dissecting the molecular mechanisms underlying biological processes in living systems.In the history of plant biology,N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid(NPA)has long been used as an auxin export inhibitor,and multiple in vivo targets have been proposed,such as ABC transporters,TWISTED DWARF1,and BIG/-rlR3(reviewed in Teale and Palme,2018).These proteins exhibit pleiotropic functions,which were proposed to indirectly mediate the NPA effect through the activity or trafficking of PIN-FORMED(PIN)auxin transporters.However,the debate on the pure target of N PA often makes a clear interpretation of such experimental data elusive.
