摘要
文章运用藏北牧区236份农牧户问卷表数据资料,以交易视角的市场化思路,对牧户基本经济状况、市场化的认知态度和收支、金融等方面进行了一个较系统的分析。分析结果发现:案例区为典型的牧业经济,绝大部分生产形式依然保持着游牧、手工和家庭等为主的传统生产方式手段,现代化程度低下。作为市场主体的牧民偏好和认可市场制度,但市场意识和能力需要加强加快提高。道路、通讯和商场等交易的硬件和软件基础条件相对匮乏。从实际经济交易行为结果看,牧户从两类交易获取的收入在考察期内未分伯仲,且威权交易比例相对增加,市场化程度相对降低了。从支出和金融角度看,由于西藏长期维续农牧民免税的优惠政策,加之金融服务的延伸发展,牧户的市场交易量和金融交易量在不断提高,呈现出市场不断深化的态势。由此建议按照经济理论对政府职能的定位,强化市场化改革导向,类似案例区的偏远牧区政府依然应着重加强供给道路、通讯、电和水等市政产品和教育培训等公共服务产品。
Based on the data from 236 questionnaires of farmer and herder households in the northern pastoral area of Tibet,this article analyzes the basic economic conditions of herder households,their cognitive attitude of marketization,their income and expenditure,their financial conditions and so on.The result shows that:the researched area has a typical pastoral economy since the most means of production there are still nomadic,manual,family-based and traditional.The degree of modernization is low there.Though,the herders there,as the market subject,prefer and accept the market system,their market consciousness and ability still need to be improved.Both the hardware and software conditions of the market transactions,for instance,roads,telecommunications and markets are relatively poor there.From the results of the actual economic transaction behavior,the incomes the header households obtained from the two types of transactions were almost the same during the investigating period,and the proportion of the primary transaction increased relatively,and the marketization was relatively reduced.From the point of view of expenditure and finance,because the farmers and herdsmen in Tibet have being enjoying the long-term preferential policy of tax exemption,and the financial service there is extended,the market transaction volume and financial transaction volume of the herder households are constantly increasing and shows a trend of marketizaiton.Thus,it is suggested in the article that the government function should be oriented in accordance with the economic theory,strengthen the market-oriented reform,and the local government of remote pastoral areas should still focus on improving roads,communications,electricity and water supply and the like as well as education and training.
作者
贡秋扎西
刘佳
Gongjor Tashi;LIU Jia(School of Finance and Economics,Tibet University,Lhasa,Tibet 850000)
出处
《西藏大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第1期163-174,共12页
Journal of Tibet University
基金
2015年度西藏大学地区科学基金项目“市场化程度、区情约束与西藏金融体系优化研究”(项目号:71463053)
2019年度“乡村振兴战略视角下西藏农牧区一二三产业融合发展研究”(项目号:ZDCZJH19-09)阶段性成果。
关键词
西藏牧区
市场化程度
威权交易
市场交易
Tibet’s pastoral areas
marketization
primary transactions
market transactions
