摘要
新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情爆发以来,具有疫区旅居史或与疫区人员密切接触史的人员隐瞒真实情况,造成多人隔离或者感染严重后果的案件频发。运用刑事法律手段对此类行为进行规制,是维护人民群众的生命安全与身体健康、保障防疫工作顺利开展的现实需要。在刑法不可避免地向法益保护机能倾斜的背景下,应注意保证倾斜的适度性,以免刑法人权保障机能的消逝。这就要求司法机关严格区分并界定行为人的主观恶性,并结合主观恶性选择恰当的罪名进行规制。具体而言,司法机关应当结合案件事实,将具有“反社会型人格障碍”的主观心理认定为犯罪故意,并运用“否定型心理预防机制”合理限定犯罪过失的成立条件;在此基础上严格限定以危险方法危害公共安全罪的成立范围,同时谨慎界定妨害传染病防治罪与过失以危险方法危害公共安全罪的适用界限。
Since the outbreak of the COVID-19,there are frequent cases in which people who have a history of living or closely contacting with people in the epidemic area hide the facts,resulting in the serious consequences of isolation or infection of others.The use of criminal legal means to regulate this kind of behavior is the realistic need to safeguard the safety and health of the people and ensure the smooth development of epidemic prevention.Under the background that the criminal law is inevitably inclined to the function of protecting legal interests,it is necessary to ensure the appropriateness of the inclination so as to avoid the disappearance of the function of protecting human rights in the criminal law.This requires the judicial organ to strictly distinguish and define the subjective malignancy of the actor and to select appropriate charges to regulation in combination with the subjective malignancy.To be specific,the judicial organ should identify the subjective psychology of"antisocial personality disorder"as criminal intention according to the facts of the case,and use the"negative psychological prevention mechanism"to reasonably limit the establishment condition of criminal negligence.On this basis,the crime of endangering public security by dangerous means should be strictly limited,and the crime of hindering the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases as well as that of negligence endangering public security by dangerous means should be carefully defined.
作者
姚瑶
YAO Yao(College of Humanities and Social Sciences,Dalian Medical University,Dalian,Liaoning,116044,China)
出处
《医学与社会》
北大核心
2021年第3期123-128,共6页
Medicine and Society
基金
辽宁省社会科学规划基金青年项目,编号为L20CFX001。
关键词
新型冠状病毒肺炎
犯罪故意
犯罪过失
刑法规制
COVID-19
Criminal Intention
Criminal Negligence
Regulation by Criminal Law
