摘要
传统的合成孔径雷达(SAR)成像是将现实中的三维场景投影到方位-斜距向二维平面的一系列处理过程,损失了三维空间的高度维信息。随着SAR系统及处理技术的发展,层析SAR系统通过沿高度向的多个数据获取构造高度维合成孔径,利用阵列信号处理方法实现目标高分辨率三维成像,对观测场景进行三维重建,获取地面目标的垂直结构信息,对植被监测、雪冰探测、城市建模等应用具有重要应用价值。该文基于层析SAR观测机理,分析了配准、去平地效应、相位补偿、高度维聚焦等三维成像关键环节以及算法研究现状,着重阐述了层析SAR在植被、雪冰、城市信息提取方面的应用,介绍了过去20年中相关的实验结果,讨论了不同平台下植被高度与冠层结构、冰川厚度与内部结构、积雪厚度与分层、城市区三维重建与形变监测等方面的应用潜力与存在的问题,并对其发展趋势进行了展望。
Traditional Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)imaging is the projection of a real three-dimensional scene onto a two-dimensional domain of azimuth and slant range,which results in the loss of the highdimensional information.With the advancement of SAR system and its processing technology,tomographic SAR systems obtain multiple data along the height direction to construct the high-dimensional synthetic aperture,and use array signal processing methods to achieve high-resolution three-dimensional images.It can reconstruct the observation scene and extract vertical structure information of the ground target,which is very important for vegetation monitoring,snow and ice detecting,and urban modeling.This paper analyzed the key steps of three-dimensional imaging,such as image registration,flat-earth phase removal,phase compensation,and the three-dimensional focusing,as well as the current research status of each step based on the observation mechanism of tomographic SAR system.This paper particularly focuses on using tomographic SAR on the application of vegetation,glacier,snow,and urban information.The most relevant experimental results in the past two decades were introduced.Further,the application potential and existing problems related to the vegetation height with canopy structure,glacier thickness with internal structure,snow thickness with stratification,and urban three-dimensional reconstruction with deformation monitoring under different platforms are discussed.Finally,the prospects of TomoSAR in the primary applications field are presented.
作者
李震
张平
乔海伟
赵常军
周建民
黄磊
LI Zhen;ZHANG Ping;QIAO Haiwei;ZHAO Changjun;ZHOU Jianmin;HUANG Lei(Aerospace Information Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100094,China;Key Laboratory of Earth Observation of Hainan Province,Sanya Institute of Remote Sensing,Sanya 572029,China)
出处
《雷达学报（中英文）》
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第1期116-130,共15页
Journal of Radars
基金
海南省重点研发计划(ZDYF2019002),中国科学院空天信息创新研究院重点部署项目(Y950930Z2F)。
关键词
层析SAR
多基线SAR
地表参数
垂直结构
冰川厚度
积雪分层
Tomographic SAR
Multi-baseline SAR
Surface parameters
Vertical structure
Glacier thickness
Snow stratification
