摘要
作为一种战略金属,镍广泛应用于不锈钢、特殊金属合金、二次电池等领域。近年来,随着新能源汽车产业的快速发展以及动力电池正极材料“无钴高镍”发展趋势,对镍的需求量持续攀升。然而,我国镍资源的对外依存度高达86%,供需矛盾日益突出。针对镍冶炼主要原料的硫化镍矿开采、富集较为困难,传统冶炼方法存在回收率低、环境风险高等瓶颈问题,本研究在分析硫化镍矿矿物学特性的基础上,系统综述了硫化镍矿中镍提取技术的研究进展及存在的问题,综合考虑镍的回收率、物质和能量消耗、环境影响等因素,提出了强化硫化镍矿中镍提取技术研发的建议,同时对硫化镍矿中镍提取技术发展趋势进行了展望。
As a strategic metal,nickel is widely used in many industrial fields such as stainless steel,special metal alloys,and rechargeable batteries.Recently,with rapid development of new energy vehicles and ever-obviously tendency of“cobalt-free nickel-rich”in cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries,the demand for nickel is more and more increasing.However,the external dependence of nickel in China is as high as 86%,which deteriorated the supply-demand of nickel.Faced by the bottlenecks including difficulty of mining and enrichment of nickel sulfide ores,lower recycling rate,and higher environmental risk existed in the traditional smelting methods of nickel,this research systematically reviewed the research advances on nickel extraction from nickel sulfide ores globally based on the analysis of mineralogical properties.Finally,considering recycling rate of nickel,chemicals and energy consumption,and environmental risks,suggestions on further research and development of nickel extraction technologies are put forwarded.In addition,the development tendency for nickel extraction technologies from nickel sulfide ores is discussed.
作者
饶富
马恩
郑晓洪
张西华
吕伟光
姚沛帆
孙峙
RAO Fu;MA En;ZHENG Xiaohong;ZHANG Xihua;LYU Weiguang;YAO Peifan;SUN Zhi(WEEE Research Centre,Research Center of Resource Recycling Science and Engineering,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for WEEE Recycling,Shanghai Polytechnic University,Shanghai 201209,China;Beijing Engineering Research Center of Process Pollution Control,Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering,Division of Environment Technology and Engineering,Institute of Process Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)
出处
《化工学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第1期495-507,共13页
CIESC Journal
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51874269)
上海市高原学科—环境科学与工程(资源循环科学与工程)项目
上海高校知识服务平台项目(ZF1224)
上海第二工业大学校基金(EGD20XQD06)
上海第二工业大学“一流研究生教育引领计划”2020年度子项目。
关键词
硫化镍矿
矿物学
镍
提取
湿法冶金
nickel sulfide ore
mineralogy
nickel
extraction
hydrometallurgy
