摘要
中国过去几十年大量的铁路和公路隧道、水工隧洞、城市地铁隧道和综合管廊隧道建设发展过程中,出现了一批特长、超深埋、超大断面、高海拔等重大隧道工程。这些重大隧道工程的建设使中国在隧道修建技术上取得巨大进步的同时,也给勘察、设计、施工、装备及安全运维等方面带来了巨大的技术挑战。为此,总结分析了在克服这些重大隧道工程面临的挑战过程中,出现的一些具有规模大型化、结构复杂化、建造智能化、管理数字化等特点的创新性技术,包括隧道地质勘探、智能掘进、工程大数据与施工设备、智能监测和检测装备等方面的技术突破;重点介绍了现代传感技术、无人机检测技术、巡检机器人技术、无人驾驶巡检车技术、非接触视觉图像技术的特点及应用情况。强调建立全域地质基础数据库与实现精细化勘察设计,是隧道工程合理科学开发与建设的基础;不良地质环境灾害的智能预警与控制,是隧道安全、顺利掘进的有力保障;基于5G技术、BIM、物联网等信息化技术形式的隧道智慧化运营管理系统,是隧道全寿命周期安全运维的关键;并指出随着掘进设备信息化程度增高和大数据时代的来临,将实现建造和运维全过程机械化、信息化、自动化、少人化或无人化的隧道智能建造。
During the development of several railway and highway tunnels,hydraulic tunnels,urban subway tunnels,and utility tunnels in China over the past few decades,some key tunnel projects such as extralong,ultradeep buried,ultralarge cross-section,and high-altitude tunnels have emerged.The construction of these tunnels facilitated significant progress in tunnel construction technology and solved technical challenges in terms of survey,design,construction,equipment,safe operation,and maintenance.In this study,innovative techniques for overcoming the challenges for these significant tunnel projects have emerged.These techniques exhibit the characteristics of a large scale,complex structure,intelligent construction,and digital management.Technological breakthroughs in tunnel geological exploration,intelligent tunneling,engineering big data and construction equipment,intelligent monitoring,and testing equipment were described.The characteristics of modern sensing technology,drone detection,inspection robots,unmanned inspection vehicles,noncontact visual image technology,and applications were established.The achievement of refined survey and design and the establishment of a global geological database are the bases for the scientific development and construction of tunnel engineering.Advanced forecasting and control of adverse geological environment disasters can enable safe and smooth tunneling.The intelligent tunnel operation management system based on 5Gtechnology,building information modeling,Internet of things,and other information technologies is the critical factor for the safe operation and maintenance of the tunnel throughout its entire life cycle.It is found that with an increase in the degree of informatization of tunneling equipment and the advent of big data,the mechanization,informatization,automation,unmanned,or less humanized intelligent tunnel construction during the entire process of planning,construction,operation,and maintenance can be achieved.This study is useful for further improving the construction level of tunnels and underground infrastructures in China.
作者
陈湘生
徐志豪
包小华
王雪涛
付艳斌
CHEN Xiang-sheng;XU Zhi-hao;BAO Xiao-hua;WANG Xue-tao;FU Yan-bin(School of Civil and Transportation Engineering,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518061,Guangdong,China;Key Laboratory of Coastal Urban Resilient Infrastructures(MOE),Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518061,Guangdong,China)
出处
《中国公路学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第12期1-14,共14页
China Journal of Highway and Transport
基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目(51938008)
中国工程院重点咨询项目(2019-XZ-44)
国家自然科学基金委-两院合作战略研究项目(L192400070)
国家重点研发计划重点专项(2018YFB2101000)。
关键词
隧道工程
技术挑战
综述
智能化
盾构/TBM
检测
tunnel engineering
technical challenge
review
intelligent
shield/TBM
detection
