摘要
【背景和目的】烟叶醇化是改善烟叶品质、提升烟叶使用价值的重要环节。自然醇化是目前应用最为广泛的仓储醇化方式,但该方式仍存在片烟到达质量高点后质量下降较快、易发生霉变虫害、使用化学农药熏蒸等问题。【方法】以福建、云南、阿根廷等国内外主产烟区片烟作为试验材料,研究气调杀虫防霉、气调醇化、气调保质技术的最优氧气浓度,比较分析了不同醇化条件下片烟的感官质量、外观质量及pH值等品质因素。【结果】(1)气调杀虫防霉过程,将氧气浓度设置为2%以下,密封封存90天,可以有效抑制不同虫态的烟草甲及霉变的发生。(2)气调醇化过程,7%~9%氧气浓度气调醇化120天以上,可明显提升片烟感官质量,延缓片烟颜色过度转深。(3)气调保质过程,将氧气浓度调至2%以下并保持到片烟开垛,可有效保持片烟品质。(4)四段式气调醇化法较大程度延长了片烟质量周期,其适宜使用期比自然醇化至少延长15个月,延缓了片烟pH值的下降速率。(5)四段式气调醇化过程垛内相对湿度保持相对平稳,垛内氧气浓度可人工调节,垛内二氧化碳在无人工干预情况下持续升高。【结论】本研究建立的四段式气调醇化技术体系,既不使用剧毒化学农药熏蒸杀虫,又提高了片烟醇化质量,延长了片烟的适宜使用期和最佳使用期,并明确了不同产区片烟的科学使用策略,为片烟贮存提供了新的思路。
[Background]Flue-cured tobacco strips aging plays an important role in improving the tobacco quality and use value of tobacco.Natural aging is the most widely used storage and aging method at present.However,it still suffers from some problems,such as shorter suitable aging duration,easy occurrence of mildew and storage pests and chemical pesticides usage in fumigation.[Methods]Taking the flue-cured tobacco strips from the main tobacco producing areas in Fujian,Yunnan,Argentina as test materials,the optimal oxygen concentrations for controlled-atmosphere(CA)pest and mildew control stage,CA aging stage and CA quality maintenance stage were studied.The sensory quality,appearance quality and pH value were compared between natural aging and Four-Stage CA aging method.[Results]Test data show:1)The tobacco beetles and mildew can be effectively controlled using low oxygen concentration(≤2%)for 90 days.After that,the oxygen concentration was adjusted to 7%~9%for more than 120 days,this CA aging stage can significantly improve the sensory quality and delay the over-darkening of tobacco strips.At last,reducing the oxygen concentration below 2%and maintaining it until the tobacco stack was opened;2)The proposed technology not only improved the tobacco aging quality,but also extended the suitable aging duration by at least 15 months compared to the natural aging.The decrease rate of pH values were also delayed;3)The relative humidity was relatively stable inside the CA stacks.The oxygen concentration inside the stack can be artificially controlled to reach the expected concentration,while carbon dioxide inside the stack rose steadily.[Conclusion]A four-stage novel CA aging technology is established in this work.This technique not only avoids the use of highly toxic chemical pesticides in fumigation to kill pests,but also improves the aging quality of flue-tobacco strips,extends its suitable and optimal use period,which makes clear the scientific use strategy of flue-tobacco strips in different producing areas,providing a new idea for the storage of flue-tobacco strips.
作者
何伟
范坚强
牟文君
陈义强
包可翔
林俭
张明乾
张瑞强
刘景川
宋纪真
王春录
HE Wei;FAN Jianqiang;MU Wenjun;CHEN Yiqiang;BAO Kexiang;LIN Jian;ZHANG mingqian;ZHANG Ruiqiang;LIU Jingchuan;SONG Jizhen;WANG Chunlu(Technology Center,Fujian Tobacco Industry Co.,Ltd.,Xiamen 301001,China;Key Laboratory of Eco-environment and Leaf Tobacco Quality,Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC,Zhengzhou 450001,China;Beijing Yingfeng Litai Technology&Trade Co.,Ltd.,BeiJing 10044,China)
出处
《中国烟草学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第6期32-44,共13页
Acta Tabacaria Sinica
基金
福建中烟科技项目“片烟气调贮存参数优化及综合养护技术集成”(FJZYJH2012011)
中国烟草总公司科技面上项目“四段式烟叶醇化及综合养护技术研究”(中烟办〔2013〕149号)。
关键词
气调醇化
仓储虫害
烟叶霉变
醇化质量
醇化周期
controlled-atmosphere(CA)aging
storage pests
tobacco mildew
aging quality
aging period
